ABDOMEN. 253 



of branches to each. Find the excretory duct of this organ the pancreatic duct 

 opening into the duodenum with the common bile duct. 



The Stomach (Fig. 174). This organ has an cesophagcal opening ; a 

 pyloric opening ; an anterior surface, on which you will find anastomosing the 

 transverse arteries from the gastric artery and the right and left gastro-epiploic 

 arteries ; a posterior surface, likewise occupied by arteries ; a greater curvature, 

 occupied by the greater omentum ; a lesser curvature, occupied by the lesser 

 omentum ; &fundus, in relation with the spleen by the gastro-splenic omentum. 

 Now trace the gastric artery from the coeliac axis to the gastro-oesophageal junc- 

 tion ; here you will see the artery divide into two branches one to the walls of the 

 oesophagus, the other to the cardiac end of the stomach. The main artery 

 follows the lesser curve of the stomach and anastomoses with the pyloric branch 

 of the hepatic artery. 



The liver must be studied and dissected with reference to : 



1. Lobes and their visceral impressions. 



2. Fissures and their occupants. 



3. Ligaments and their derivation. 



4. Capsule of Glisson and its function. 



5. Blood- and nerve-supply. 



6. Fcetal remnants and their location. 



7. The portal vein and its formation. 



8. The hepatic veins and their escape. 



9. The gall-bladder and bile ducts. 



10. The descriptive terms used. 



1 1. The relations to other structures. 



Lobes. (i) Right lateral; (2) left lateral; (3) quadrate; (4) caudate; (5) 

 Spigelian. 



Impressions are produced by continuous contact with certain adjacent organs. 

 On the under or visceral surface find: (i) the renal impression ; (2) the colic 

 impression ; (3) the duodenal impression ; (4) the gastric impression. 



Fissures. (i) The transverse fissure is the most important. It transmits the 

 hepatic artery, the portal vein, the hepatic ducts, and the hepatic branches of the 

 vagus and sympathetic nerves. In front of it is the quadrate lobe ; behind it the 

 caudate and Spigelian lobes. (2) The left longitudinal. This separates the left 

 from the right lobes, and has an anterior and a posterior part. The anterior part 

 contains the round ligament ; the posterior part contains the remains of the ductus 

 venosus. (3) The fissure for the gall-bladder and (4) the fissure for the ascending 

 vena cava. Note, too, and show on your dissection, that on the posterior sur- 

 face of the liver are found two fissures already mentioned (a) fissure for the 

 ductus venosus, (b} fissure for the vena cava ; while on the inferior or visceral 

 surface are found three fissures (a) transverse, (b} umbilical for round liga- 

 ment, (c) vesicle for the gall-bladder. (5) The right longitudinal. This also 

 consists of an anterior branch that contains the gall-bladder and a posterior 

 branch that contains the vena cava. The two are interrupted by the caudate 

 lobe. Compare your dissection with figure 178. 



The letter H includes the five fissures of the liver in this manner : the trans- 

 verse fissure forms the cross-bar ; the fissure for gall-bladder and fissure for vena 

 cava form one vertical bar ; the fissure for the ductus venosus and the fissure for 

 the round ligament form the other vertical bar. 



The hepatic ligaments are five in number. One of these is a. false liga- 

 ment, a foetal remnant called the round ligament, the ligamentum teres hepatis. 

 It occupies the anterior part of the left longitudinal fissure. The other four liga- 

 ments are of peritoneal origin, and are called : (i) The suspensory, broad, or falci- 

 form ; (2) the right lateral ; (3) the left lateral ; (4) the coronary. The latter 



