288 



PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 



ligament and the iliac crest for two inches. Trace the muscle to its insertion 

 into the lower border of the twelfth rib and into the transverse processes of the 

 four upper lumbar vertebrae. Now place the kidney in its original position on 

 this muscle. This muscle lies in front of the erector spinse muscle. In fact, 

 these two muscles form a guide to operations on the kidney. See whether you 

 can demonstrate on your work these structures, in the following relation from 

 behind forward : (i) The quadratns linnbontin ; (2) the lumbar fascia; (3) the 

 last thoracic nerve, the ilio-liypogastric and ilio-ingnhial nerves ; (4) the fatty 

 capsule of the kidney ; (5) the kidney. In operations on the kidney from behind, 



Quadratus lumborum 



Faoaa parvus 



Fsoaa magnus 



Iliac us 



Intertransversalis 

 anterior 



Quadratus lumborum 



IK;. 197. PSOAS, II.IACUS, AND QUADRATUS LI;.MI;<>KI M. 



you would find the above relations. Study the above relations until you ha> 

 perfect picture of all these Structures ill your mind. The lower end of the kidney 

 is about one and one-half inches above the iliac crest. 



The psoas magnus muscle in its relation to vessels and nerves has been 

 previously described. The muse -le has a strong synergist in the iliacus. The-e 

 two are sometimes spoken of as one muscle, with two heads or parts the i/io- 

 />so<ts. The two muscles are inserted into the lesser trochanter of the femur. 

 My this action, when the thigh is the fixed point, they draw the pelvis forward, 

 rotating the same on the heads of the femur. They thus antagoni/c the glutcus 

 maximus. The psoas magnus <7/-/.sv.v from the sides of the bodies of tin- last thor- 



