THIGH AND LEG. 



DISSECTION OF THE ANTERIOR REGIONS OF THE THIGH AND 

 LEG AND OF THE ADDUCTOR REGION OF THE THIGH. 



The following review of the practical osteological points on the bones of 

 the lower extremity must be thoroughly mastered before the student can do 

 intelligent work on the cadaver. These points the student must study with the 

 bones in hand. Simply committing to memory a few pages of technical names, 

 with no knowledge of a practical application of the subject, would be as useless 

 here as in other departments of science. 



The Tibia : 



Name the bony points on tlie tibia of practical importance in dissection. 



The internal tuberosity has one articular surface. 



The external tuberosity has two articular surfaces. 



The tubercle, into which the ligamentum patellae is inserted. 



The crest, or anterior border, is subcutaneous. 



The internal surface is three-fourths subcutaneous. 



The upper two-thirds of the external surface is occupied by tibialis anticus. 



The popliteal notch transmits the popliteal artery and vein. 



The oblique line is on the posterior surface. 



The femoral articular surfaces of the head. 



The internal malleolus of the tibia. 



The astragaloid articular surfaces of the tibia. 



The posterior surface and its subdivisions. 



The nutrient canal, directed from the knee. 



How many articular surfaces has the tibia ? 



It has six articular surfaces two femoral, two fibular, and two astragaloid. 

 The student must find these surfaces and name technically the articulations they 

 assist in forming. (See rule for forming compound words in introductory 

 chapter.) 



What can yon say of the internal surface of the tibia / 



It is subcutaneous in its lower three-fourths. (Fig. 207.) Its upper one-fourth 

 is occupied by the insertions of the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles, which 

 are inserted by tendons, and the sartorius, inserted by aponeurosis. 



What important flexor muscle is inserted into the posterior part of tJic internal 

 tnherosity ? 



The tendon of the semimembranosus muscle. It will be seen presently 

 that this muscle has also three aponeurotic insertions that have very important 

 relations and functions in the vicinity of the knee-joint. 



Describe the posterior surface of the tibia. 



It is divided by two lines an oblique and a vertical one into three sub- 

 divisions. (Fig. 208.) One of the three surfaces is occupied by the popliteus 

 muscle ; a second by the flexor longus digitorum ; a third by the tibialis 

 posticus. 



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