298 PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 



Describe fully the oblique line of the tibia. (Fig. 208.) 



It extends from the fibular articular surface to the middle one-third of the bone, 

 on the inner border. It may be considered as possessing three lips an upper, 

 a middle, and a lower. Into the upper is inserted the popliteal fascia ; from the 

 middle arises the tibial head of the soleus ; from the lower, the flexor longus 

 digitorum and tibialis posticus. 



Describe the vertical line. 



It extends in a curved line downward and outward to the middle one-third of 

 the outer or interosseous border of the tibia. It separates the surfaces occupied 

 by the tibialis posticus and flexor longus digitorum muscles. It also marks the 

 location of the nutrient foramen of the tibia, proceeding, according to rule, from 

 the knee. 



Name the important parts of the internal mall coins of the tibia. 



Posteriorly are two grooves for the tibialis posticus and flexor longus digi- 

 torum ; one surface articulates with the astragalus ; to the apex is attached the 

 internal lateral ligament of the ankle-joint. 



The Fibula: 



Name the points on the fibula of importance in practical anatomy. 



The head, for insertion of the biceps tendon. 



The styloid process of the head, for external lateral ligament. 



The tibial articular surface. 



The external malleolus of the fibula. 



The anterior surface of the fibula. 



The outer surface of the fibula. 



The internal surface of the fibula. 



The posterior surface of the fibula. 



What is the importance of the anterior surface of the fibula / (Fig. 207.) 



Its width is one-fourth of an inch. It gives origin to the extensor proprius or 

 extensor longus hallucis, the extensor longus digitorum, the peroneus tertius 

 i. e., all the muscles on the front of the leg, except the tibialis anticus. 



What can you say about the external surface of the fibula f (Fig. 207.) 



It gives origin to and is occupied by the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis 

 the former occupies the upper two-thirds ; the latter, the lower two-thirds. 



What is the importance of the posterior surface of 'the fibula / 



It gives origin in its upper one-third to the fibular head of the soleus ; in its 

 lower two-thirds to the flexor longus hallucis. (Fig. 208.) 



Give the importance of the internal surface of tJic fibula. 



It gives attachment to the tibialis posticus i. t\, to the fibular head of this 

 muscle. 



/ / 'hat can you say of the patella ? 



It is the largest sesamoid bone in the body. It is developed in the common 

 tendon of insertion for the group of muscles that extend the leg on the thigh the 

 quadriceps extensor fcinoris. It has two articular surfaces, corresponding to tin- 

 trochlear articular surface of the femur. The ligamentum patellae is inserted into 

 the tubercle of the tibia. A pad of fat and a hursa intervene between the patella 

 and tibia, except at the insertion. 



The Foot and Ankle : 



\aine the osteological points of the foot and ankle of importance in dissection. 



The posterior surface of the calcaneum. 



The sustentaculum tali of the calcaneum. 



The peroneal grooves of the calcaneum. 



The inner and outer tuberositics of the calcaneum. 



The cuboid surface of the calcaneum. 



The astragaloid surface of the calcaneum. 



