THIGH AND LEG. 299 



The tuberosity of the scaphoid bone. 



The cuneiform articular surfaces of the scaphoid. 



The medio-tarsal articulation. 



The base of the first metatarsal bone. 



The base of the fifth metatarsal bone. 



Wliat two tendons do yon expect to find on the outer surface of the calcanemn / 



The tendons of the peroneus longus and brevis. They are separated by a little 

 spine of bone the peroneal intertendinous spine. Each tendon is in a separate 

 canal here, but higher up, behind the outer malleolus, they are in the same canal. 



How woidd you describe the peronens innscle so as to give the bony parts of t/ie 

 limb due prominence ? 



The peroneus longus arises from the outer surface of the fibula in its upper 

 two-thirds ; its tendon passes behind the external malleolus of the fibula, with the 

 tendon of the peroneus brevis ; it passes on the outer surface of the calcaneum, 

 in the inferior peroneal groove ; it passes through a groove on the under surface 

 of the cuboid bone ; it is tendinously inserted into the base of the first meta- 

 tarsal bone, having traversed an osseo-aponeurotic canal, from the cuboid bone to 

 its insertion. 



Describe the peroneus brevis. 



It arises from the outer surface of the fibula, middle one-third ; passes behind 

 the external malleolus of the fibula ; passes through the superior peroneal groove, 

 on the outer surface of the calcaneum ; and is inserted into the base of the fifth 

 metatarsal bone. 



Name the grooves through which the tendon of the flexor longus Jiallucis passes. 



This muscle arises from the posterior surface of the fibula, in its middle two- 

 thirds. It passes through a groove in the posterior part of the tibia (Fig. 208) ; 

 through a second groove, in the posterior surface of the astragalus, one inch 

 below the first groove ; through a third groove, on the under surface of the sus- 

 tent'aculum tali of the os calcis or calcaneum ; through a fourth groove, between 

 the two sesamoid bones, in the tendons of the flexor brevis hallucis, at the meta- 

 tarso-phalangeal articulation of the great toe. 



Name the muscles attached to t/ie inferior surface of the os calcis. 



The abductor hallucis, abductor minimi digiti, flexor brevis digitorum, and 

 musculus accessorius. 



Describe tlie insertion of the antagonistic muscles tibia Us anticus and tibialis 

 posticus. 



The tibialis anticus is inserted into the inner surface of the internal cuneiform 

 bone and adjacent part of the base of the first metatarsal bone. (Figs. 2 1 3-2 15.) 

 The tibialis posticus is inserted into the tuberosity of the scaphoid bone, into the 

 sustentaculum tali, into the bases of the second, third, and fourth metatarsal 

 bones, and into all the tarsal bones except the astragalus. 



How shall 'we recognize and knoiv these numerous small insertions of the tibialis 

 posticus muscle ? 



You can easily trace them as small, tendinous bands from the tuberosity of 

 the scaphoid bone to all other insertional points. (Fig. 215.) 



Describe the importance of the sustentaculum tali. 



A superior surface articulates with the inner articular facet of the astragalus ; 

 its inferior surface is grooved and lined by synovial membrane, for the transmis- 

 sion of the tendon of the flexor longus hallucis. 



Give tlie importance of the superior surface of the calcaneum. 



(i) It gives origin to the extensor brevis digitorum ; (2) it articulates with 

 the astragalus by two surfaces. 



What is the importance of the posterior surface of the os calcis ? 



Into this surface is inserted the tendo Achillis. 



