328 PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 



aspera and its external bifurcation, together with the adjacent external inter- 

 muscular septum ; (2) the lower part of the anterior intertrochanteric line and the 

 spiral line of the femur; (3) the inner lip of the whole length of the linea aspera 

 and its internal bifurcation, together with the adjacent part of the internal inter- 

 muscular septum, and the front of the tendon of the adductor magnus ; (4) the 

 greater part of the front and sides of the femur within the limits formed by the 

 three preceding attachments and the origin of the vastus externus. 



The Physiological Adductors of the Thigh. In figure 222 this group of 

 muscles may be seen. They are four in number. They are supplied by the 

 obturator nerve. They are all ligamentous in action to the hip-joint ; hence the 

 obturator nerve will send a nerve to this joint. They all figure conspicuously in 

 the architecture of Scarpa's triangle and Hunter's canal. Study the origin ot 

 these muscles very carefully on figure 226, and then on the cadaver, as follows : 



The adductor longus arises from the anterior surface of the body of the pubis 

 immediately below the crest and angle. 



The adductor brevis arises from the bo'dy and ramus of the pubis, below and 

 external to the origin of the adductor longus. If the student will study the 

 divergence of the ischio-pubic rami, he will then understand why the origin of 

 the adductor brevis is described as external to that of the adductor longus. 



The adductor magnus arises from the tuber of the ischium, and from the 

 ischio-pubic ramus. (Fig. 226.) Examine the perforations in this muscle for 

 the superficial femoral artery to pass into the popliteal space. 



Name the adductor muscles and give their insertions. (Fig. 227.) 



Adductor longus, inserted into middle lip of linea aspera, middle one-third. 



Adductor brevis, inserted into middle lip of linea aspera, upper one-third. 



Adductor gracilis, inserted into inner surface of tibia, upper one-third. (Fig. 216.) 



Adductor magnus, inserted : (i) Into the back of the femur, in a line beginning 

 at the lower extremity of the linea quadrati, and extending along the inner border 

 of the gluteal ridge and the middle of the linea aspera down to its bifurcation ; 



f t 



(2) into the adductor tubercle on the upper and posterior part of the internal 

 condyle ; (3) into the lower part of the internal intermuscular septum. 



Fascial Septa. Having thoroughly dissected all the muscles on the inner 

 part of the thigh and front part of both leg and thigh, I now desire you to answci 

 these questions : 



1. How many musculatures have you found that is, lioiv many groups 

 muscles acting in unison f 



You say : (i) An extensor group, innervated by an extensor nerve, called an- 

 terior crural or femoral ; (2) a flexor group, on the posterior part of the thigh, 

 innervated by a flexor nerve, called the great sciatic ; (3) an adductor group, on the' 

 inner part of the thigh, innervated by an adductor nerve, called the obturator ; 

 (4) an abductor group, on the outer side of the pelvis, innervated by the superior 

 gluteal, an abductor nerve ; (5) * group OH t lie front of the leg flexors of the tarsus 

 and extensors of the toes supplied by the anterior tibial nerve ; (6) a group on the 

 outer surface of the fibula, supplied by the muscular branches of the musculo-cuta- 

 neous nerve ; (7) two groups of muscles on the posterior part of the /eg, innervated 

 by the internal popliteal nerve, extensors of the tarsus and flexors of the toes. 



2. Are the groups individually separated from eaeli other by septa f 



You answer yes, for you have found a fascial septum between the adductors 

 and extensors ; between the flexors and adductors ; between the anterior and 

 lateral groups below the knee ; between the lateral and posterior groups ; be- 

 tween the superficial and deep groups on the back of the leg. 



3. Arc these intermuscular septa attached to bone f Do they in any manner 

 origin to muscle .' Are they derived from deep fascia f 



You answer the above in the affirmative, 



