444 PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 



border of the inner facet, and to the inner and back part of the outer condyle. 

 The posterior is attached to the popliteal notch and adjacent structures, and to 

 the outer part of the inner condyle. (Fig. 227.) 



Give synonyms for the crucial ligaments. 



The anterior is called also external ; the posterior is called also internal. 



Define ligaincnta a/aria and ligamentuui inucosum. 



The terms are misnomers. These structures are parts only of the synovial 

 membrane. (See Fig. 313.) 



NOTE. The student should endeavor to make his dissection resemble the 

 cuts, and then exercise his knowledge of osteology by minutely describing all 

 the attachments and relations. Drill of this kind will make him familiar with 

 the text, as well as with the cadaver, and be splendid discipline in cultivating 

 descriptive powers a faculty each one possesses to greater or lesser degree. 



Name, locate, and define the varieties of synovial membrane. 



1. The articular, which is found in all freely movable joints, as the knee 

 and hip. In the foetus it is said this membrane covers the articular surfaces of 

 the cartilage, as well as the interior of the capsule. 



2. The bursal varieties are of two kinds. Mucous bursae are found between 

 the skin and bone, as the prepatellar. Synovial bursae are found between tendons 

 and bone, as about the knee between the ligamentum patellae. 



3. The vaginal kind. This variety will be found surrounding the flexor 

 tendons of the digits, in the hand and foot ; surrounding the long tendon of the 

 biceps in the bicipital canal of the humerus under the transverse ligament of this 

 bone. 



THE TIBIO-FIBULAR UNION. 



1. The superior tibio-fibular articulation has a capsule, an anterior and a 

 posterior tibio-fibular ligament. 



It belongs to the class diarthrosis, because of its constant capsule and syno- 

 via, and to the subdivision arthrodia, because of its gliding movement. 



The synovial cavity of this joint may communicate with the knee. 



The blood-supply comes from the external articular and recurrent tibial. 



The nerve-supply is from the recurrent branch of the external popliteal and 

 the inferior external articular. 



2. The tibio-fibular interosseous membrane is incomplete above for about 

 an inch. The anterior tibial artery passes through here, between the two heads 

 of the tibialis posticus muscle, to the anterior part of the leg. The function of 

 membrane is principally for muscular origin. It has two borders the tibial and 

 the fibular ; two surfaces the anterior and the posterior. The anterior is in 

 relation with the anterior tibial nerve and vessels and with the muscles of the 

 anterior region of the leg. The posterior surface is in relation with the tibialis 

 posticus and the flexor longus hallucis. 



3. The inferior tibio-fibular articulation. (Fig. 317.) 

 Class. Diarthrosis, because of free movement and synovia. 

 Subdivision. Arthrodia, because of a gliding movement. 



The ligtiincnts arc anterior, posterior, transverse, and inferior interosseous, all 

 of which are easily found. The synovial membrane is continuous with that of 

 the ankle-joint. The nerve-supply is from the internal or long saphenous, ante- 

 rior and posterior tibial. The blood-supply is from the peroneal and its ante- 

 rior branch. 



THE ANKLE-JOINT. 



1. (.'/(iss. Diarthrosis, because of a capsule and free movement. 



2. Subdivision. (linglymus, because of movement in two directions. 



