Appendix 141 



X. Based on census figures for illiteracy of native 

 whites. 



Y. Number of noted men resident in each state has 

 been divided by the population of the state. Data from 

 Who's IV ho in America, p. xxiii of introduction, and 

 census of 1910. 



Z. Based on the ranking of the states in puMic educa- 

 tion according to the Russell Sage Foundation investiga- 

 tion. See Russell Sage Foundation pamphlet No. 124 — 

 A Comparative Study of Public School Systems in the 

 Forty-eight States. New York, 1912. 



Note: Specific references have not been given to the 

 most accessible census material, inasmuch as it is readily 

 found through the census indexes. 



For methods of computation see Whipple, Manual of 

 Mental and Physical Tests, Chapter 3. The fraction yz 

 appearing in the tables is due to the method of handling 

 ties, as explained in Whipple's manual. The Spearman 

 method of computing correlation has been employed, but 

 the Spearman value has been reduced to the correspond- 

 ing Pearson value by means of tables which Whipple 

 gives. The Spearman method has been criticized as inac- 

 curate in negative values, but the criticism has no applica- 

 tion in the present case. The method has been checked 

 in one or two instances by the computation of the Pearson 

 products-moment coefficient, based not on the rankings 

 but on the values from which the rankings are taken, and 

 in many cases the Pearson method of rank differences 

 was used. Another method employed as a check was one 

 in which the states were " weighted " so as to give force 

 to each in proportion to its population. In nearly every 

 case it was found that the result by the more precise 

 method was a little more striking than the result by the 

 Spearman method. 



It may also be worthy of note that the values on which 

 the rankings are based show very decided differences. 

 For example, in column A, the first rank is 6.7 times 

 greater than the last rank; in column B it is 86.5 times 

 greater ; in column C it is 14.3 times greater, etc. 



