CONTENTS. 



xxm 



§ 316. The effects on respiration of changes in the circulation through the 



respiratory centre and through the lungs 508 



§ 317. The effects of exercise on respiration 509 



SECTION IX. 



Modified Respiratory Movements. 



§ 318. Sighing, yawning, hiccough, sobbing, coughing, sneezing, laugh- 

 ing, and crying 511 



CHAPTER III. 

 The Elimination of Waste Products. 

 § 319. The chief waste products and their channels of exit 



513 



SECTION I. 



The Composition and Characters of Urine. 



§ 320. The general chai - acters of urine 



§ 321. The normal organic constituents of urine 



§ 322. The inorganic salts 



§ 323. The non-nitrogenous constituents of the urine 



§ 324. The pigments of the urine .... 



§ 325. Ferments and other bodies present in urine 



§ 326. The relative quantities of the more important constituents of 



§ 327. The acidity of urine 



§ 328. The abnormal constituents of urine . 



urine 



515 

 516 

 517 

 518 

 519 

 519 

 520 

 521 

 522 



SECTION II. 

 The Secretion of Urine. 



§ 329. The double nature of urinary secretion 524 



§ 330. The vaso-motor mechanisms of the kidney. The renal oncometer 



and oncograph 



§ 331. The relation of the flow of blood through the kidney to variations 



in blood-pressure and to vaso-motor changes in general 



§ 332. The vaso-constrictor nerves of the kidney 



§ 333. The vaso-dilator nerves of the kidney 



§ 334. The influence on the renal circulation of chemical substances in 



the blood 



§ 335. The connection between changes in the renal circulation and the 



secretion of urine 532 



525 



528 

 530 

 531 



531 



