CONTENTS. xiii 



PAGE 



§ 101. The conversion of the intermittent into a continuous flow by means 



of the elastic reaction of the arteries ...... 164 



§ 102. Artificial Model. Arterial and venous pressure with great and with 



little peripheral resistance . 166 



§ 103. Additional aids to the circulation in the living body . . . 171 



Circumstances determining the Bate of the Flow. 



§ 104. Methods of determining the rate of the flow. Hsemadromometer, 

 Rheometer, Hsematachometer. The plethysmography method. 



The rate of flow in arteries, veins, and capillaries . . . 172 



§ 105. The rate of flow dependent on the width of the bed . . . 176 



§ 106. The time of the entire circuit 178 



§ 107. Summary of the main physical facts of the circulation . . . 179 



SECTION III. 



The Heart. 



The Phenomena of the Normal Beat. 



§ 108. The visible movements 181 



§ 109. The cardiac cycle ; the series of events constituting a beat . . 182 



§ 110. The change of form 185 



§ 111. The cardiac impulse 187 



§ 112. The sounds of the heart 188 



§113. Endocardiac pressure. Methods of determining this. Cardiac sound 

 and tambour. Piston and membrane manometers. General 



features of the curve of endocardiac pressure .... 191 



§ 114. The output of the heart ; the methods of determining this . . 197 



The Mechanism of the Beat. 



§ 115. The curves obtained by means of cardiograph and the myocardio- 



graph. The curve of ventricular pressure compared with these 200 

 § 116. The pressure in the ventricle compared with that in the aorta. 

 The differential manometer or manometer balance. The teach- 

 ings of this comparison 203 



§ 117. Minimum and maximum manometers. The negative pressure in 



the cardiac cavities 210 



§ 118. The duration of the several phases of the cardiac cycle . . . 212 



§ 119. Summary of the events constituting a beat 215 



§ 120. The work done 217 



SECTION IV. 

 The Pulse. 



§ 121. Methods of recording the pulse. The sphygmograph, sphygmo- 



scope, and other instruments. The pulse curve .... 219 



§ 122. Pulse tracing from an artificial model ; the nature of the pulse 



wave 223 



