1330 



INDEX. 



epithelium, 533; double vascular sup- 

 ply to, in amphibia, 533; work of the 

 epithelium of the tubules, 538; kidney 

 and skin, mutual relations of secretory 

 activity of, 541 ; its relations to water 

 absorbed by the alimentary canal, 541 ; 

 influence of central nervous system on, 

 543; fuetal, urea secreted by, 1131 



Kilogram-meters, daily work of heart 

 estimated in, 218; energy of food and 

 body and day's work estimated in, 634 



Knee-jerk, 705, 717 



Kreatin, its presence in the blood, 47; 

 chemical composition of, 93; in un- 

 striated muscle, 131 ; the product of 

 muscle metabolism, 590 



Kreatinin,its presence in urine, 517; the 

 urinary form of kreatin, 591; diffi- 

 culties presented by its presence in 

 urine, 591 



Kymograph, Ludwig's, for recording 

 blood-pressure, 100 



Labour, physiological division of, 6; cir- 

 cumstances governing capacity for, 

 510 ; increased production of heat from, 

 644 



" Labour," the events of, 1137 ; first stage 

 of, 1137; second stage of, 1138; causes 

 determining its onset, 1142 



Labyrinth of ear, bony and membranous, 

 983; perilymph cavity of, 987; connec- 

 tions of auditory nerve with, 983; the 

 cochlea, 982; vestibular, parts of, 1007, 

 1008; probable functions, 1017; trans- 

 mission of impulses through the, 1007 



Lachrymal gland, structure of, 978 



Lactalbumin, 612 



Lactation, nervous centre for, 618 



Lacteal radicle of intestinal villus, pas- 

 sage of fat into, 413, 418 



Lacteals, the, absorption by, 398 ; chyle 

 contained by, in fasting animals, 402; 

 passage of products of digestion into, 

 413 



Lactic acid, its presence in the blood, 48 ; 

 isomeric variations of (footnote), 90; 

 its effect on the heart, 259; fermenta- 

 tion, 394; a product of muscular me- 

 tabolism, 653 



Lactoprotein, 612 



Lactose, ready fermentation of, 613; its 

 formation in the mammary gland, 617 



" Laky " blood, how formed, 31 



Laryngeal nerves, 1081 



Laryngoscope, larynx as seen by the, 1070 



Larynx, the, its condition in respiration, 

 438; cartilages of, 1073, 1078; ventri- 

 cles, uses of, 1091 ; muscles of, 1076, 

 1080; nervous mechanisms of, 1082; 

 respiratory movements of, 1082; corti- 

 cal area for movements of, 1085 



Laughter, mechanism of, 512 



Lecithin, in stroma of red corpuscles, 32 ; 

 in white corpuscles, 38; in the blood, 

 48 ; in muscle substance, 92 ; in nervous 

 tissue, 105; in milk, 613; its composi- 

 tion, 105 



Lens, the, development of, 837 ; mech- 

 anisms for changing curvature of, 854; 

 action of the suspensory ligament on, 

 855 



Leucin, composition of, 361 ; in intestinal 

 contents, 393 ; a product of nitrogenous 

 metabolism, 594; its conversion into 

 urea, 595 



Leucocytes, in the lymphatic system, 42; 

 their origin, 43; their presence in the 

 villi, 419; among epidemic cells, 554 



Leucocythsemia, increase of white cor- 

 puscles in, 44 



Levatores costarum, their work in respi- 

 ration, 436 



Lieberkuhn, glands of succus entericus 

 probably furnished by, 363; cells of, 

 422 



Life, processes of, compared with those 

 of death, 1 ; its existence possible with- 

 out organs, 3; periodic events of, 1153; 

 factors of, 1158 



Light, as stimulus to visual apparatus, 

 858, 878; "intrinsic," of retina, 904 

 changes in retina produced by, 878 

 sensitiveness of living matter to, 921 

 decomposition of, 891 



Listing, diagrammatic eye of, 842; his 

 law, 946 



Liver, the, destruction of red corpuscles 

 in, 35; blood-supply to, 367; quality of 

 as affecting bile secretion, 368, 369; 

 liver of frog, 564 ; storage of glycogen 

 in, 565; mammalian, 561-568; nervous 

 control of glycogenic function, 575; 

 "acute yellow atrophy" of, 587, 594; 

 presence of urea in, 594; conversion 

 of leucin into urea in, 595; heat set 

 free in, 639; its action on lactic acid, 

 653; foetal, deposition of glycogen in, 

 1129 



Living substance, food and waste of, 3 



Locomotor mechanisms, 1101 



Ludwig, his stromuhr, 173; his mercurial 

 gas-pump, 444 



Lungs, the, their function chiefly mechan- 

 ical, 424; entrance into and exit of air 

 from, 425; air, tidal and stationary in, 

 425; air, complementary, supplement- 

 ary and residual, 426; results of open- 

 ing into pleural chamber, 426; condi- 

 tion of, before birth, 427 ; elasticity of, 

 pressure exerted by, 427 ; respiratory 

 changes in, 462-466; effects of infla- 

 tion and suction, 482 ; first inflation of, 

 1134 



