CONTENTS. vii 



mena of Excited Muscle — Electrical Eesponse to a Single Stimulus — Electrical 

 Eesponse to a Series of Stimuli — Direct Action of Voltaic Current on 

 Muscles — Polarisation of Muscle — Polar Effects during and after Passage of 

 Current — Polar Excitation — Secondary Excitation — Polarising Action of 

 Currents of Brief Duration — Cardiac Muscle— The Mechanical Response — 

 The Electrical Response ... page 352 



NEEVE. 



By FRANCIS GOTCH. 



Fundamental Characteristics of Nerve Phenomena — General Review of Nerve 

 Functions — Phenomena of the Excitatory State — Metabolism during Activity 

 — Conductivity of Nerve — Transmission in both Directions — The Excitation 

 of Nerve — Modes of Stimulation — Induced Currents — Undulatory Currents — 

 Condenser Discharges — Galvanic Currents — Unipolar Excitation — Chemical 

 Excitation — Mechanical Excitation — Conditions determining the Efficiency of 

 Stimuli — Law of Excitation — Influence of Direction of Electrical Currents- 

 Nerve Indefatigability — Limits of Excitation by Repeated Stimuli — The 

 Circumstances affecting Nerve Excitability and Conductivity — Main- 

 tenance of Circulation — Maintenance of Continuity with Nerve Cells — Com- 

 parison of Different Nerves and Different Parts of the same Nerve — Alterations 

 of Temperature — Chemical Reagents — Anaesthetics — Polarisation Changes — 

 Polar Excitation of Nerve by Electrical Currents — Pfliiger's Law of 

 Contraction — Influence of Duration, etc. — Causation of Polar Excitation — 

 Closing and Opening Tetanus — Polar Excitation in Crayfish Nerves — In Man — 

 In Peripheral Sense Organs — Electromotive Changes in Unexcited Nerve — 

 The Nerve Current — Its Production — Influence of Various Conditions on its 

 Amount — Electromotive Changes in Excited Nerve — The Negative Varia- 

 tion — Its Discontinuous Character — Electrical Response to One Stimulus — ■ 

 Influence of Various Conditions — -After-Effects — Electromotive Changes 

 associated with Passage of Currents — External and Internal Polarisation 

 — Electrotonus — Influence of Physiological Changes upon Electrotonus— 

 Excitatory After-Effects — Polarisation and Excitation . . . page 451 



THE PHYSIOLOGY OF ELECTRICAL ORGANS. 

 By FRANCIS GOTCH. 



General Description — Minute Structure in Raja batis, Gymnotus, Torpedo, and 

 Malapterurus — Functional Activity — The Electrical Changes of Nerve Organ 

 Preparations ; Activity Effects —The so-called Current of Rest — The Organ 

 Response — Its Time Relations — Self-Excitation of the Electrical Organs — Effect 

 of Repeated Stimuli — Residual Effect of the Response — Electromotive Force of 

 the Response — Polarisation Phenomena, Secondary Electromotive Effects, 

 Irreciprocal Conductivity — The Reflex Response of the Organ — The Nature 

 of the Activity page 561 



THE NERVE CELL. 



By E. A. SCHAFER. 



Classification of Nerve Cells — Theory of Isolated Units (Neurone Theory)— Struc- 

 ture of Nerve Cells — Changes in 'Nerve Cells as the result of Excitation- 

 Changes resulting from Section of the Nerve Fibre Process — Conduction in 

 Nerve Cells— Time lost in Transmission from Cell to Cell— Refractory 

 Period page 592 



