DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF MOVEMENTS. 



267 



on either side, with their optical axis perpendicular to the plane of his 

 path, and at the same time his 

 movements were photographed 

 from the front or from behind. 

 By this means, and by the help 

 of networks of equal squares, 

 these observers were able to 

 record photographically the move- 

 ments of any part — say the 

 shoulder — in all three dimensions 

 of space, a result not hitherto 

 satisfactorily achieved. 



Detailed Description of 

 Movements. 



^ l > 



hWfc..«LJJ 



'■\:.C V'Av • 



"V— .-. ~s. 



Walking. —On level ground 

 one foot leaves the ground as 

 the other reaches it. On walk- 

 ing uphill or in carrying a -V^iyi 

 weight the advancing foot / 'X 

 does not leave the ground 

 until its companion has become 

 firmly planted (Fig. 156, 1 and 2 ). 



In studying the details of 

 the movement we may consult 

 Fig. 158. 



This is obtained chrono- 

 photographically from a man 

 clothed in black, with white 

 stripes in the axis of the limbs 

 (see above). It agrees remarkably with the results more recently 



../aJ 



Fig. 157. — Chronophotographic method of re- 

 cording bodily progression. The axes of 

 rotation of the joints and axes of the limbs 

 are represented in white on a dark back- 

 ground. These are photographed during 

 progression. — A Iter Marey. 



Fig. 158. — Ghronophotograph of a man's movements when walking. 

 Read from left to right.— After Marey. 



obtained by Braune and Fischer, 1 but differs somewhat from the older 

 observations obtained by less exact methods. 



Examining the figure representing the movement of one side of 



1 Op. cit., Leipzig, 1895, plate x. 



