APPENDIX. 



88 1 



Dorsal Roots. 



the filaments of this large root are 

 separated into three sets, made up re- 

 spectively of the anterior, middle, and 

 posterior groups, no distinct difference 

 between the replies obtained from each 

 of the three is observable ; crossed 

 plantar flexion of ankle. 



Sixth post-thoracic. — Tail moved to same 

 side ; flexion of knee, flexion of hip, 

 with some internal rotation ; flexion of 

 hallux and of other digits ; less easily, 

 dorsoflexion of ankle with tilting up of 

 the outer edge of the foot ; adduction of 

 thigh, easily obtainableas a crossed reflex. 



Fifth post-thoracic. — Flexion at hip ; flexion 

 at knee (inner hamstrings and gracilis 

 seem particularly active) ; flexion of 

 hallux, less of toes ; slight dorsoflexion 

 at ankle at times ; adduction at hip as 

 a crossed effect ; movement of tail, not 

 constant. Knee-jerk. 



Fourth post-thoracic. — Curving of body so 

 that the hind-limbs point toward side 

 stimulated ; flexion at hip ; flexion at 

 knee ; flexion of hallux occasionally, 

 and still less frequently flexion of digits ; 

 quite rarely slight dorsoflexion at 

 ankle ; adduction at hip, occasionally 

 with crossed adduction. Knee-jerk. 



Third post-thoracic. — Curving of body as 

 with fourth root, but more so ; flexion 

 at hip, rarely flexion at knee ; occasion- 

 ally flexion of hallux, and occasionally 

 of other digits as well ; drawing up of 

 testis (cremaster). 



Second post-thoracic. — Curving of body as 

 above ; flexion at hip ; drawing up of 

 testis (cremaster) ; very occasionally 

 flexion of hallux. 



First post-thoracic. — Muscles of flank con- 

 tract ; retraction of abdominal wall 

 low down ; flexion at hip. 



Twelfth thoracic. — Muscles of flank and 

 abdomen contract ; flexion at hip, but 

 not regularly or in all individuals. 



Eleventh thoracic. — Muscles of flank and 

 abdomen and intercostal space ; with 

 moderate strength of stimulation never 

 any movement in limb. 



Seventh thoracic. — Muscles of back and 

 side of chest ; some of the more super- 

 ficial respond more readily than do the 

 intercostals. The intercostals that 

 most readily respond are those of the 

 seventh and eighth spaces, and next to 

 them of the sixth space. It is difficult 

 to evoke contraction in the crossed 

 intercostals. 



Fifth thoracic. — Muscles of back and side 

 of chest ; intercostal spaces involved 

 are chiefly fifth and sixth ; occasionally 

 some retraction of shoulder. 



Fourth thoracic. — Retraction of shoulder ; 

 slight dilatation of homonymous pupil ; 

 occasionally contraction of triceps. 



Ventral Roots. 



Sixth post-thoracic. — Extension of hip ; 

 adduction of thigh ; weak flexion at 

 knee ; dorsoflexion at ankle ; extension 

 of toes ; adduction of hallux. 



Fifth post-thoracic. - 

 tension at knee 



-Adduction at hip ; ex- 

 slight flexion at ankle ; 



slight extension of hallux. 



Fourth 2)ost-thoracic. — Retraction of lower 

 part of abdominal wall ; flexion and 

 adduction at hip ; extension at knee. 



Third post-thoracic. — Retraction of lower 

 part of abdominal wall ; flexion at hip ; 

 contraction of round ligament of uterus 

 and of cremaster. 



Second post-thoracic. — Retraction of 

 dominal wall ; slight flexion at hip. 



First post-thoracic. — Retraction of 

 dominal wall ; no movement in 

 limb itself. 



ab 



ab- 



the 



VOL. II. 



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