NERVES OF MUSCLES AND TENDONS. 



1007 



he fibres measure 9 /u. — 4 /x, and undergo terminal subdivision (e.g. in fossa 

 ifraspinata scapulae, hominis. 1 The periosteum near the ends of bones, where 

 ; abuts on the joint and ligaments, conveys nerves destined for the latter. 



Nerves of the muscles and tendons.— The nerves of muscles derive 

 irge numbers of their fibres from the spinal ganglia. In the limb muscles of 

 lie monkey and cat I found from a half to a quarter of all the nerve fibres to 

 »e sensory. 2 The size of the sensory nerve fibres varies between 18 /a and 2 /x 



Fig. 370. — Transverse sections of a nerve-twig supplying a portion of the vastus 

 medialis muscle (knee-jerk muscle) of the cat. From micro-photographs 

 of osmic acid preparations. 1. formal condition of the nerve. 2. Condi- 

 tion three months after severance of all the ventral spinal roots, and of the 

 corresponding spinal ganglia contributing to the nerve. No myelinate nerve 

 fibres remain. 3. Condition three months after severance of all the ventral 

 spinal roots, the spinal ganglia remaining intact. A number of healthy nerve 

 fibres both large and small remain. These belong to the spinal ganglia, and 

 are afferent. 



or less. These sensory fibres end in end organs — muscle spindles, 3 Golgi- 

 organs, 4 modified Pacini-organs, 5 Pacini-organs. 6 



Interosseous membrane. — Between the limb bones the nervi interossei of 

 the leg and forearms give numerous twigs to those membranes. The nerve 

 fibres end in free endings (Kolliker), in end-bulbs and in Pacini bodies. 



Muscle spindles. — Hassal (1851) seems to have earliest noted these structures. 

 They were first distinctly described by Kolliker (1862) and by Kuhne (1863). 



1 See Kolliker, loc. cit. 



- Joum. Physiol., Cambridge and London, 1894, vol. xvii. p. 211 ; and Brit. Med. 

 Journ., London, 1893, vol. ii. p. 685. 



3 Hassall, cited by Trinchese, Mem. r. Accad. d. sc. d. 1st. di Bologna, 1890. 



4 Rollett, Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wisscnsch . , Wien, 1876 ; Golgi, Mem. d. r. Accad. 

 sc, Torino, 1880, tome xxxii. p. 359. 



5 Ciaccio, Mem. r. Accad. d. sc. d. 1st. di Bologna, 1889, tomo x. ; Mazzoni, ibid., 

 1891, tomo i. ; Ruffini, Atti d. r. Accad. d. Lincei, Roma, 1892. 



s Rauber, Festschr.f. Bischoff, 1883 ; Sherrington, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 1897, vol. lx. ; 

 Ruffini, loc. cit., and Sperimentale (Accad. mcd.-fis. fiorcntina), Firenze, April 1897 ; Brain, 

 London, 1897, vol. xx. 



