DISCUSSION OF EXAMPLES OF PHONOGRAMS 1229 



M'Kendrick's l phonograph recorder. In Fig. 442 we see curves obtained 

 from the tracings on the wave-cylinder representing the tones of various 

 instruments. 



Fig. 442. — Examples of tracings obtained by M'Kendrick's phono- 

 graph recorder. The dots represent drops of ink from a small 

 syphon. One inch shows the vibrations occurring in the 

 •1480 sec, 



The following analyses supplied by Boeke are very instructive. The 

 first is the analysis of the tones of a cornet. Observe how the intensity 

 of the partials gradually diminishes : — 



Note 1234 567 89 10 Partials. 



/=170vibs. 1 1'05 1-22 1-15 1*01 0-80 0\ r >3 0-28 0'13 0-10 



c' = 256 ,, 1 0-92 0-81 0-53 0-39 0-20 0'07 0-04 0"06 0-04 



#' = 384 ,, 1 076 0-46 0*14 0'09 0-06 0'07 0'02 0-01 0'01 



c" = 512 



1 0-92? 0-30 0-14 0-15 0"09 0'07 0'06 0-03 0-02 



Contrast this analysis with that of the vowel dd sung by Boeke, 

 set. 50, on the notes / and c, and the same vowel sung on the notes 

 g and e", sung by his son, set. 12, both like the vowel in the word 

 "heart," it will be seen from the analytical numbers that the for- 

 mant of the son's vowel dd was almost the same as that of the father, 

 although the pitch of his voice was exactly an octave higher. 



Man, at. 50, singing aa. 



1 "Observations on the Phonograph," Trans. Roy. Soe. Edin., vol. xxxviii. part. 4; 

 also Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., 1896-7, opening address; also, "Sound and Speech Waves as 

 revealed by the Phonograph," London, 1897. 



