FIRST WESTERN EXPEDITION 



147 



granite, so that the latter was older. These points are well 

 shown in the section I sketched. 



Near the Solitary Rocks the glacier was moulded into a 

 gigantic furrow or longitudinal undulation. We followed 

 this up toward the ice-falls from the upper glacier and camped 

 for the night on a small patch of snow in the lee of some large 

 boulders of the medial moraine. These boulders had lee- 

 ridges of snow, which, we were interested to see, were gene- 

 rally turned into solid ice and formed part of the glacier itself. 

 This shows that nothing but a maturing process (resembling 

 that of wine !) is necessary to convert snow into glacier ice. 



The age of rocks. The granite (Gr.) is the oldest ; it is penetrated by flat 

 sheets of dolerite (D) at the junction with the main mass of the latter. 

 The beacon sandstone (B.S.) has also been torn up and surrounded by the 

 dolorite (below A and B), and has probably been lifted up by the lava 

 (to B.S.). The talus (Ta) of loose rock is the latest deposit. From a 

 sketch of the new end of the Kukri Hills made February 1, 191 1. 



Wright and I went over to the Kukri Hills while the 

 others pitched camp. I wished "to measure the "lateral 

 moat." Near the edge of the glacier there was a thick coating 

 of snow. At the actual edge there was a sharp curve down- 

 ward, and carefully peering over we could see that there was 

 a frozen stream at the bottom of the gully, over 150 feet 

 below us. I determined to measure the slope and angle 

 accurately, and for this we had brought the alpine rope and 

 ice axes. Wright lowered me over the edge, which I found 

 was a snow cornice projecting over six feet. Under the 



