IN WINTER QUARTERS WITH CAPTAIN SCOTT 253 



2. Methods. Pen and ink is difficult for snow and sky, and soft 

 pencil is easier. 



3. Outlines are the edges of shadows. 



4. Perspective is not of much use in Antarctica. 



5. Use an empty picture frame to gauge size and position. 



6. Colours are mostly snow-white or blue-grey, but occasionally 

 even shadows may be orange or the brightest blue. 



7. In shading, first practise with a square on white paper and hatch 

 it. Be careful never to go over the edge. 



8. To test the inaccuracy of your eye carefully copy a maple leaf 

 and then superpose it on the original. 



9. If using pen and ink outlines only, never thicken a line. Use 

 even lines, and remember that it is imperfect because there are no out- 

 lines in nature. 



10. There is no royal way to do trees or clouds, etc. Be careful 

 not to adopt mannerisms. 



11. Clouds are solids with a light side and a shaded side ; and also 

 with perspective. 



And he ended up with a sly reference to myself. " In drawing 

 land forms you tend to become a physiographer " ! 



I spent the next morning on a " make and mend." My 

 Russian felt boots were wearing out from the usual cause : not 

 through rough surfaces, but from scorching when drying near 

 the stove ! So I borrowed Wright's sewing awl, and Taff 

 Evans coached me with this weapon. It always used to 



* 



Ev&ns fea^chfes u& to cobb/e 



worry me how cobblers sewed a boot when they couldn't see 

 the inside thereof ! Anyhow I made a sketch of the method, 

 and afterwards sewed boots, bags, camera cases, and all sorts 

 of gear with complete success. 



Procedure. — (A) Push threaded awl through first hole and 



pull one end of thread out on inside of 



