CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS KNOWERS. 33 



following passage from Dr. Carpenter's "Mesmerism, 

 Spiritualism," &c., may serve as an illustration : 



" It is well known that persons who are conversant 

 with the geological structure of a district are often able 

 to indicate with considerable certainty in what spot 

 and at what depth w r ater will be found ; and men of 

 less scientific knoivledge, but of considerable practical ex- 

 perience " (so that in Dr. Carpenter's mind there 

 seems to be some sort of contrast or difference in kind 

 between the knowledge which is derived from obser- 

 vation of facts and scientific knowledge) " frequently 

 arrive at a true conclusion upon this point without 

 being able to assign reasons for their opinions. 



" Exactly the same may be said in regard to the 

 mineral structure of a mining district ; the course of a 

 metallic vein being often correctly indicated by the 

 shrewd guess of an observant workman, when the 

 scientific reasoning of the mining engineer altogether 

 fails." 



Precisely. Here W3 have exactly the kind of thing 

 we are in search of: the man who has observed and 

 observed till the facts are so thoroughly in his head 

 that through familiarity he has lost sight both of them 

 and of the processes whereby he deduced his conclu- 

 sions from them is apparently not considered scientific, 

 though he knows how to solve the problem before him ; 

 the mining engineer, on the other hand, who reasons 

 scientifically that is to say, with a knowledge of his 

 own knowledge is found not to know, and to fail in 

 discovering the mineral. 



" It is an experience we are continually encounter- 



