WHAT WE MIGHT EXPECT. 191 



The phenomena, then, which we observe are exactly 

 those which we should expect to find. 



VII. We should also expect that the memory of 

 animals, as regards their earlier existences, was solely 

 stimulated by association. For we find, from Prof. 

 Bain, that "actions, sensations, and states of feeling 

 occurring together, or in close succession, tend to grow 

 together or cohere in such a way that when any one of 

 them is afterwards presented to the mind, the others 

 are apt to be brought up in idea " (" The Senses and 

 the Intellect," 2d ed. 1864, p. 332). And Prof. Huxley 

 says ("Elementary Lessons in Physiology," 5th ed. 1872, 

 p. 306), " It may be laid down as a rule that if any 

 two mental states be called up together, or in succes- 

 sion, with due frequency and vividness, the subsequent 

 production of the one of them will suffice to call up the 

 other, and that whether we desire it or not" I would go 

 one step further, and would say not only whether we 

 desire it or not, but ivhcthcr we are av:arc that the idea 

 has ever before been called up in our minds or not. I 

 should say that I have quoted both the above passages 

 from Mr. Darwin's " Expression of the Emotions " (p. 30, 

 ed. 1872). 



We should, therefore, expect that when the offspring 

 found itself in the presence of objects which had called 

 up such and such ideas for a sufficient number of 

 generations, that is to say, "with due frequency and 

 vividness " it being of the same age as its parents 

 were, and generally in like case as when the ideas were 

 called up in the minds of the parents the same ideas 

 should also be called up in the minds of the offspring 



