INSTINCTS OF NEUTER INSECTS. 247 



from time to time start or modify others; nor can I 

 explain why some individuals of a race should be 

 cleverer than others, any more than I can explain why 

 they should exist at all ; nevertheless, I observe it to be 

 a fact that differences in intelligence and power of 

 growth are universal in the individuals of all those 

 races which we can best watch. I also most readily 

 admit that the common course of nature would both 

 cause many variations to arise independently of any 

 desire on the part of the animal (much as we have 

 lately seen that the moons of Mars were on the point 

 of being discovered three hundred years ago, merely 

 through Galileo sending to Kepler a Latin anagram 

 which Kepler could not understand, and arranged into 

 the line " Salve umlistineuin geminatum Martia pro- 

 Urn" and interpreted to mean that Mars had two moons, 

 whereas Galileo had meant to say "Altissimum planetam 

 tergeminum observavi," meaning that he had seen Saturn's 

 ring), and would also preserve and accumulate such 

 variations when they had arisen ; but I can no more 

 believe that the wonderful adaptation of structures to 

 needs, which we see around us in such an infinite 

 number of plants and animals, can have arisen without 

 a perception of those needs on the part of the creature 

 in whom the structure appears, than I can believe that 

 the form of the dray-horse or greyhound so well 

 adapted both to the needs of the animal in his daily 

 service to man, and to the desires of man, that the 

 creature should do him this daily service can have 

 arisen without any desire on man's part to produce this 

 particular structure, or without the inherited habit of 



