First Aid to the Injured 305 



firmly on each side; if in the hand, press on the bleeding 

 spot, or press with the thumb just above and in front of 

 the wrist. 



For injuries below the elbow, grasp the upper part of the 

 arm with the hands and squeeze hard. The main artery 

 runs in the middle line of the bend of the elbow. Tie the 

 knotted cord here and bend the forearm so as to press 

 hard against the knot. 



For the upper arm, press with the fingers against the 

 bone on the inner side and just on the edge of the bulging 

 part of the biceps muscle. Take a stout stick of wood, 

 about a foot long, and twist the cord hard with it, bringing 

 the knot firmly over the artery. 



For the foot or leg, pressure as before, in the hollow 

 behind the knee, just above the calf of the leg. Bend the 

 thigh towards the abdomen and bring the leg up against 

 the thigh, with the knot in the bend of the knee. 



Experiment 148." How to tie a square knot. If the student would 

 render efficient help in accidents and emergencies, to say nothing of 

 service on many other occasions, he must 

 learn how to tie a' square or "reef" knot. 

 This knot is secure and does not slip as does 

 the "granny" knot. The square knot is the 

 one used by surgeons in ligating vessels and 

 securing bandages. Unless one knew the 

 difference, the insecure " granny " knot might 

 be substituted. FIG. 162. Showing how 



A square knot is tied by holding an end of a Sc l uare Knot ma y be 

 a bandage or cord in each hand, and then tied with a Cord and a 



* , . , . 7J , , Handkerchief, 



passing the end in the right hand over the 



one in the left and tying ; the end now in the left hand is passed 

 over the one in the right and again tied. 



With a handkerchief, shoestring, and cords of various sizes, 

 practice the square knot until it can be done accurately and 

 rapidly, 



