Appendix 



335 



than it was a few years ago to obtain this important help for the 

 classes in physiology. 1 



6. Vivisection and Dissection. There should be no question at all 

 concerning vivisection. In no shape or form should it be allowed 

 in any grade of our schools. Nor is there 



any need of much dissection in the elementary 

 grades. A few simple dissections which can 

 be made with fresh beef-joints, and legs of 

 chickens and turkeys, will never engender 

 cruel or brutal feelings toward living things. 

 A discreet teacher should rarely advise his 

 pupils to dissect a dead cat, dog, frog, or 

 any other animal. Instead of actual dissec- 

 tion, the pupils should examine specimens or 

 certain parts previously dissected by the 

 teacher, as the muscles and joints of a 

 sheep, the heart of an ox, the eye of a codfish, 

 and so on. Even under these restrictions the 

 teacher should rarely use the knife or' scis- 

 sors before the class to open up any part of 

 the specimen. 



Most teachers will find, however, even in 

 schools of a higher grade, that the whole sub- 

 ject is fraught with many difficulties. A 

 teacher's good sense and discretion are often 

 put to a severe test to avoid unjust and sense- 

 less criticism, which is often easily aroused 

 in any community. 



7. Surface Anatomy and Landmarks of the 

 Body. In our leading medical colleges the 



students are carefully and thoroughly drilled FIG. 176. A Compound 

 on a study of living models. The object is Microscope. 



1 For detailed suggestions in regard to the manipulation and use of the 

 microscope the student is referred to any of the standard works on the 

 subject. The catalogues of scientific-instrument makers generally furnish 

 a list of the requisite materials or of handbooks which describe the use of 

 the various microscopes of standard make. 



For the names and addresses of firms that deal with microscopes and 

 apparatus for experiments the reader is referred to the advertising pages 

 of leading scientific or educational publications. 



