220 FRANCIS ORPEN MORRIS 



new are not really such, but only varieties, therefore 

 "those other species to the genera of which the 

 former were for a time commonly supposed to be 

 additions are not true and real species. Who can 

 point to a species described by Pliny and say that it 

 is not a species now ? His description describes it, 

 and describes it as such as at the present day." 



As to the action of the mind and will in their rela- 

 tion to changes wrought upon the bodily structure, 

 strongly called into continuous operation by the 

 needs of fortuitous circumstances, he maintained that 

 such changes were not permanent. He observes : 

 "They not only are not handed down to descendants 

 (at all events it cannot be foretold that they will be), 

 but, more than this, they will even fail the individual 

 who had acquired them, should an improvement 

 in the bodily defects which had been the means of 

 eliciting them cause them to be no longer demanded 

 for the remedy of such defects by the substitution of 

 an increase of other power." Many instances were 

 cited to show how in the human frame special 

 powers had been acquired to serve special circum- 

 stances. But these, he asserted, were not trans- 

 mitted from one generation to another. 



Darwin contended that new species were formed 

 by the power of natural selection ; but, said Mr. 

 Morris, "how can this possibly apply to the case 

 of the vast majority of species, insects and others, 

 whose specific differences are only distinguishable 

 by their colours and marks ? " And, again, he 

 asked, "How did natural selection produce lungs 



