INDEX. 



Abiogenesis, among the Greeks, 23, 27; 

 Anaximenes, 35 ; Diogenes, 36 ; 

 Xenophanes, 36 ; Empedocles, 37 ; 

 Democritus, 42 ; Aristotle, 48 ; Epi- 

 curus, 60 ; Lucretius, 62 ; theory of, 

 in relation to Creation, Augustine, 

 71; Maillet, 112; Oken, 126, 127; 

 E. Darwin, 140 ; Lamarck, 178 ; Tre- 

 viranus, 192 ; St. Vincent, 205 ; Cham- 

 bers, 218. Between water and land, 

 Anaximander, 34; Xenophanes, 36. 

 Direct transition from inorganic mat- 

 ter, Aristotle, 48. Marine, Thales, 

 33; Anaximander, 34; Maillet, no. 

 Terrestrial slime, or earth and water, 

 Anaximenes, 35; Diogenes, 36; De- 

 mocritus, 42; Oken, 125. Terrestrial, 

 direct from the soil, Lucretius, 62. 



Abubacer, Oriental romances upon ' Na- 

 ture Man,' 77. 



Acquired characters.transmission of.Aris- 

 totle, 46 ; Sylvius, 26 ; rapid acqui- 

 sition, Maillet, no; E. Darwin, 145- 

 148; Lamarck, 165-171; Goethe, 

 186; Darwin, 240. 



Adaptation, problem of, in organisms, 

 Empedocles, 39 ; in single struct- 

 ures, Democritus, 42; in relation to 

 intelligent design, Anaxagoras, 42; 

 causes of, Aristotle, 52-56; Kant, 

 ico ; E. Darwin, 150; Goethe, 186; 

 Chambers, 218 ; Darwin, 234. 



Analogy in structure, Aristotle, 24, 



Anatomy, Greek, 34; revival of, 86; 

 comparative, Buffon, 132 ; Kant, 

 101 ; philosophical, Herder, 104 ; 

 Schelling, 104 ; comparative, Goethe, 

 184 ; philosophical, St. Hilaire, 203 ; 

 relation to embryology, Serres, 213 ; 

 philosophical, Owen, 218. 



Anaxagoras, Adaptation and Design, 

 42 ; germs of life, 42. 



Anaximander, his natural philosophy, 33. 



Anaximenes, his natural philosophy, 35. 



Aquinas, exposition of Augustine, 75. 



Arabs, the natural philosophy of, 75-77. 



Archassthetism, influence of desires 

 and wants of animals; upon struct- 

 ure, Aristotle, 49; E. Darwin, 147; 

 Lamarck, 169 ; Darwin 236. 



Aristotle, relation to his predecessors, 

 43; works, 45; principal contribu- 

 tions, 45; heredity, 46; errors, 47; 

 progressive development, 48 ; on 

 1 movement,' 48 ; teleology, 51 ; form 

 and matter, 53 ; on fortuity, 53 ; on 

 ' design,' 54 ; on survival of the fittest, 

 55 ; on primordial germs, 56 ; his 

 successors, 58; opposed by theolo- 

 gians, 78. 



Augustine, upon science and religion, 

 19 ; potential creation, 71 ; abiogene- 

 sis, 72 ; upon cosmic Evolution, 73, 

 74 ; upon organic Evolution, 73 ; op- 

 posed by Suarez. 



Avempace, unity of inorganic and or- 

 ganic forces, 77. 



Avicenna, Uniformitarianism in geology, 

 76. 



Bacon, Francis, science and religion, 20 ; 

 failure to appreciate the Greeks, 90 ; 

 induction, 91 ; mutability of species, 

 91 ; variation, 92 ; experimental Evolu- 

 tion, 93; artificial selection, 92; 

 gradations between species, 93. 



Baer, embryological evidence of the mu- 

 tability of species, 212. 



Biogenesis, Harvey's dictum, 28; La- 

 marck, 178. 



Bonnet, relation to Leibnitz ; ' Evolu- 

 tion,' 118; continuity, 119; perfect- 

 ing tendency, 120; pre-existing germs, 

 120; scale of ascent, 121. 



255 



