INDEX. 



257 



Spencer, 215 ; Chambers, 217 ; Nau- 

 din, 224 ; Darwin, 240. 



Epicurus, lack of scientific spirit, 59; 

 mechanical philosophy, 60. 



Evolution, Ceaseless changes in the 

 Universe, Heraclitus, 37; natural 

 philosophers, 88; Leibnitz, 88, 95; 

 Descartes, 94 ; Lamarck, 163 ; Cham- 

 bers, 216; historic terms, 15; and 

 natural causation, 21 ; Emboftement, 

 26 ; in terms of movement, Aristotle, 

 50 ; ' Saltatory," St. Hilaire, 200. Still 

 in process, Empedocles, 38 ; Aristotle, 

 48; Diderdt, 116. Evidences of, in 

 transitions between species, Bacon, 93 ; 

 Leibnitz, 96 ; Kant, 102 ; E. Darwin, 

 145. [See also Vestigial Structures.] 

 Gradual development, Empedocles, 

 40 ; Aristotle, 48 ; Bruno, 80 ; Des- 

 cartes, Leibnitz, 96; Diderdt, 116; 

 Goethe, 187. [See also Scale of 

 Ascent.] 



Evolution, Experimental, Bacon, 92, 93. 



Fixation of type, St. Vincent, 206 ; Nau- 



din, 224. 

 Form and matter, relations of, Aristotle, 



49. S3'. Bruno, 80; Goethe, 186; 



Treviranus, 194. 

 Fortuity vs. Design, Democritus, 42; 



opinions of Aristotle, 53; Diderdt, 



117; Darwin, 238. 

 Fossils, as evidence of past history of the 



globe, Xenophanes, 36; Leibnitz, 



96; Maillet, 112. 



Geographical distribution, Buffon, 136; 

 Buch, 214; Darwin, 240; Humboldt, 

 232; De Candolle, 235. 



Germs, pre-existent, doctrine of, Anax- 

 agoras,42; Maillet, 112; Bonnet, 120; 

 Dider6t, 119-120; Robinet, 122. 



Germs or cells, primordial, the original 

 simple forms of life, Aristotle, 56; 

 Buffon, 135; Kant, 101; E. Darwin, 

 144 ; Lamarck, 178 : primordial 

 spheres, Oken, 126; primordial types, 

 Treviranus, 194. 



Goethe, mental characteristics, 181; in- 

 fluence of Buffon and the Greeks, 182 ; 

 philosophical anatomy, 183 ; com- 

 parative anatomy, 184 ; unity of type, 

 184 ; vestiges, 185 ; method, 185 ; 

 adaptation problem, 186 ; matter and 



form, 186 ; theory of transformation, 

 187. 



Greeks, the natural philosophy of, 29 ; 

 influence of their surroundings, 29; 

 spirit of, 30 ; phases of their natural 

 philosophy, 31, 32; their legacy to 

 later thought, 64-68 ; influence upon 

 the Fathers, 69-71 ; cosmic Evolution, 

 89 ; influence upon speculative 

 group, 108. 



Gregory of Nyssa, potential creation, 71. 



Heraclitus, contribution to the Evolution 

 idea, 37. 



Herbert, production of new species by 

 intercrossing, 213. 



Herder, influence of Kant, 103 ; pro- 

 gressive development, 103; unity of 

 type, 103. 



Heredity (' pangenesis,' 'perigenesis'), 

 theories of Aristotle, 46 ; Maupertuis, 

 114; Buffon, 135; Lamarck, 171; 

 Darwin, 242. 



Homology in structure, Vicq d'Azyr, 24. 



Inductive method, Aristotle, 16, 47 ; 

 Bruno, 17, 79; Bacon, 17, 91; and 

 deductive, Schelling, 105; Goethe, 

 185; Treviranus, 189; induction and 

 deduction, Cuvier and St. Hilaire, 

 202-204 1 Darwin, 230-234. 



Internal perfecting tendency, Aristotle, 

 50 ; Bruno, 80 ; Leibnitz, 20 ; Herder, 

 103; Bonnet, 120; Chambers, 217; 

 Owen, 219 ; opposed by Darwin, 237. 



Kant, indebtedness to Buffon, 98; tele- 

 ology, 99; Evolution, 99; natural 

 causation, 100; man, 101; survival of 

 the fittest, 101 ; unity of type, 102 ; 

 scale of ascent, 102. 



Lamarck, relations to E. Darwin, 152- 

 155 ; life and characteristics, 156-158 ; 

 change of views, 159-161 ; conception 

 of nature, 163; of Evolution, 163; 

 uniformity, 165 ; his factors, 165-167; 

 illustrations, 168-171 ; irritability, 169 ; 

 heredity, 171 ; species, 170-172 ; phy- 

 logeny, 172-176; action of environ- 

 ment, 177, 178 ; abiogenesis, 178 ; 

 primordial cells, 178; defects and 

 failure of his system, 179-181. 



Lange, opinions upon Democritus' and 

 Empedocles' doctrines and.Design,4o. 



