no THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



tuberances making their appearance on the walls of the older cells, which rapidly 

 increase, and again, in turn, assist in the formation of others, and this is carried on so long 

 as growth continues. A cell singly is entirely a component part of the variety from 

 which it originated, either from the scion or stock, and is invested with all the powers 

 and principles inherent in that part. A single cell cannot be of two varieties, but a 

 collection of cells that is, the cellular tissue, may be formed partly of both. The vascular 

 or fibrous tissue is governed by the same laws, but the little bundles of woody tissue, 

 uniting by their outside covering or walls, form a compact mass of wood, and the 

 bud or graft has " taken," which ultimately forms the future tree. A bud is, in fact, an 

 embryo tree. It contains within its protective covering all the elements of tree growth, 

 with all the organs of vegetation and reproduction intact, consequently, when a bud is 

 inserted beneath the bark of another tree, the cellular growth at once takes place on both 

 sides; these unite by their outside walls, and the sap circulates in the intercellular 

 passages from one to the other. It is, therefore, no wonder that certain peculiarities 

 embraced in the root may be developed in the scion or top, and vice versa. That the 

 scion is enabled to reproduce its kind is due to the fact that its growth is merely an 

 increase of cells already formed, and variations therefrom are the results of constant 

 currents of sap flowing between the two remote portions of the tree, and at the same time 

 imbuing the one with certain marked characters contained previously in the other. 

 Permit stem growth below the junction of stock and scion, or allow suckers to continue 

 growing from the root, and the head languishes because the stock's inherent tendency 

 to manufacture substances taken up by the roots into matter of its own is in the ascen- 

 dant, and if let alone it gains the mastery. This is more particularly so with stocks of 

 another genus or species from the scion, and weakly sorts are more liable to suffer in 

 that way on a strong stock than on one more closely corresponding in vigour. In the 

 opposite direction, allow the stem of a Blenheim Pippin apple, grafted near the ground 

 on the Paradise stock, to strike roots into the soil and it will soon gain the mastery over 

 the Paradise stock, attaining the proportions of a standard on the free stock. A Eon 

 Chretien pear on the quince, encouraged to root into the soil, quickly throws off the 

 quince yoke, making double the growth in a given time, but the fruit is smaller and 

 the quality has deteriorated. 



Dwarfing stocks, however, are not adaptable to all methods of culture. Eaised as 

 they are from cuttings and layers, the roots spread out horizontally, and do not get a 

 strong hold of the soil : they are consequently only suited for dwarf trees. Stocks for 



