GENERAL PRACTICE. SETTING OUT FOR PLANTING. 



139 



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the first row, and so on with the other rows. When the ground is uneven the measure- 

 ments must be made from tree to tree with a line held as tightly and as nearly on a level 

 as possible. 



Quarters of ground for bush trees are readily marked off in squares with a rod and 

 line. Mark the distance for the rows at the ends, and at the sides, for the distance the 

 trees are to be asunder in the rows, observing to start from the same side and same end, 

 taking care to have the end line at a right angle to the side line. Stretch the line for 

 the first row, and draw a rod, having a notch or groove at the end, along the ground 

 astride of the line, holding the rod straight with the line, and a drill-like mark will be 

 made. Proceed in like manner for the next row, and so on. 

 Then make the cross marks, which will indicate the positions 

 for the trees in squares at right angles where the marks 

 cross ; but if the trees are less distant in the rows than between 

 them, the spaces formed are rectangular, the crosses all the 

 same marking the sites. 



In arranging trees in equilateral triangles provision must 

 be made at planting for any intended thinning, placing the 

 temporary trees in alternate rows with the permanent, as shown 

 by the small circles at the upper part of the engraving (Fig. 26, 

 A, page 140). This system of planting accommodates 15 per 

 cent, more trees to the acre than planting in squares, but it does 

 not admit of thinning the trees by the removal of alternating 

 rows and trees, as is sometimes desirable ; therefore, care must 

 be taken in planting to have the permanent trees at the proper 

 distance. 



Opposite vacancy planting : this is sometimes inaccurately called the quincunx 

 method. The principle is to have each tree in the centre of the vacancy between two 

 trees in the next rows on each side. In this way the trees have more space than when 

 planted in squares, the same number being accommodated in both cases. The setting out 

 is also the same, and the trees must be in line diagonally and longitudinally (Fig. 26, It, 

 on the page above quoted), as this greatly facilitates cultural operations. 



Equilateral triangle planting consists of three trees, one at each angle of a figure 

 whose sides are all equal ; consequently the trees are equidistant from each other. By 

 this arrangement the ground is equally divided, the trees are in line longitudinally and 



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Fig. 25. SETTING our 

 SQUABES. 



