164 



THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



congestion, and stagnation at the roots. Indeed, so complete is the check consequent 

 upon a late and large removal of summer shoots that the tree becomes paralysed for a 

 time, and this acts prejudicially on its health and after fruitfulness. 



To practise summer pruning successfully, it is essential that a knowledge of the 

 several growths be possessed. This will be readily obtained by examining the figures 

 in the annexed illustration. In Fig. 38, 1 represents part of an apple-branch, with a 

 short stubby growth, the leaves disposed in a corona, with a prominent bud in the 

 centre. That is a spur (#). Immediately above it, on the opposite side of the branch, 

 is a growing shoot (b). This is shown stopped to three leaves after- they become 

 full-sized, not counting the two small basal leaves or those next the branch. Above 

 this, on the right, is a growth that is intermediate between a spur and a wood shoot. It 



2 "^^ 4 



Fig. 38. SUMMER PRUNING AND PINCHING. (For references, see text.) 



does not extend beyond a few inches, has the leaves closely set, with somewhat prominent 

 buds in their axils, and is terminated by a conspicuous bud. That is a short stubby 

 shoot (c\ and is not to be pinched. These growths vary more or less in different 

 varieties, but generally do not differ materially from the figure, and are easily recog- 

 nized. In example 2, a spur is depicted with six leaves, and a round plump bud in 

 the centre. That is a fruit bud. The short stubby shoot (c), as may be seen enlarged in 3, 

 is also terminated by a fruit bud. In 4, the wood shoot is enlarged, showing the result 

 of stopping I to three buds. Two laterals (d) have pushed, and these, after making a 

 few joints of growth six leaves in this case were pinched to one leaf, as shown by 

 the bars ; and sub-laterals, indicated by the outlined shoots and leaves, appearing, they 

 Were pinched to one leaf, as represented by the dotted bars across them. Other growths 



