1 84 



THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



state in the dark part of the figure. This, if left entire, only pushes at the top the 

 following season, as is seen in the leafy growths corresponding to the buds, those 

 growths being the strongest in the upper and weakest in the lower breaks. That is 

 nature. To the cultivator wanting a dwarf, not a standard tree, it is growth in the 

 wrong place; therefore, the maiden tree is made to push growths where required by 

 cutting off its head at a sound bud, as indicated by the bar (1). This insures good 

 growths from the buds left, sturdy and well matured by the autumn of the following 

 year, as seen in the dark parts of Q. These, if left their full length, start the top buds 

 only the succeeding season, as shown in the foliate growths, the buds at the lower 



\ 



Fig. 48. FOBMING FAN-SHAPED (S) AND HORIZONTAL TREES (T). (For references, see text.) 



part of the branches remaining dormant. This is of frequent occurrence in training. 

 Leaving stems and young branches unshortened causes half of their length to be devoid 

 of bearing wood, but by cutting them back the branches are furnished with fruitful 

 growths from the stem throughout their whole length. The cultivator's aim in this 

 case is to change the natural place of the branches and induce them to start lower 

 down; -therefore the growths are shortened, as shown by the marks across them (2). 

 The result is well represented in R, namely, the foundation of the future tree is broad, 

 strong, and firm. 



When a tree is to be trained either obliquely or horizontally instead of grown in 

 bush form, the sketches S and T (Fig. 48) will show the right method of procedure. If 



