GENERAL PRACTICE. EDGE TOOLS. 



219 



out instead of a bruised and torn one, as with the common nippers ; but we have not 

 fouud any scissors or shears make a clean cut like a knife. 



Secateurs. These popular French instruments differ from the ordinary pruning 

 nippers in having a spring for throwing them open after each cut, which makes pruning 

 easy and expeditious. Those with one cutting side (20) answer remarkably well for 

 summer pruning and light work generally. Made in sizes of 6, 7 and 8 inches, with 



Fig. 56. KNIVES, SCISSORS, AND SECATEUES. 



References. Budding Knives : 1, strong sheath, straight point ; 2, large clasp, straight point ; 3, medium, rounded 

 point, broad-ended handle ; 4, medium, superior, rounded point, heart-ended handle; 5, gentlemen's, rounded point 

 blade, smooth handle, with ivory spatula ; 6, ladies', stag-horn handle, ivory spatula, rounded point blade ; 7, gentlemen's, 

 two blades pointed and rounded, clasp spatula ; 8, ladies', rounded point blade ; scissors, clasp spatula ; 9, budding 

 and pruning knife, clasp spatula, stag-horn handle, rounded point blade for budding, straight blade for pruning. 

 Pruning Knives : 10, large clasp, straight blade ; 11, large sheath, curved blade; 12, large peach pruning, curved 

 blade ; 13, peach pruning, two blades, straight ; 14, gentlemen's or ladies' pruning and fruit cutting knife theWharn- 

 cliffe, three blades, ivory handle ; 15, stopping knife, with clasp lens; 16, manipulating knife, two blades, with lens 

 in handle ; 17, strong pruning knife and saw. Scissors : 18, small pruning ; 19, slide pruning. Secateurs : 20, French, 

 with wood-covered handles ; 21, French or Belgian, wire spring, iron handles ; 22, improved French, both blades 

 cutting, central spring ; 23, improved French or Belgian, with spring between iron handles ; 24, Parisian, both blades 

 cutting, round even points, handles round at ends, spring between handles. 



wood (iron trussed) handles, they are light and easy to the hand. Others similar in 

 shape have iron handles (21), various styles of spring, and, being stronger, are suitable 

 for heavy work. The one-blade forms of secateur do not make a clean cut, the shoot 

 being more or less bruised by the pressure on the non-cutting side of the implement. 

 The best form of secateur is the improved French (22 and 23), both sides of the 



P r ? 



