2 42 THE FRUIT GROWERS GUIDE. 



This is very important, and shows that treatment previous to the opening of the 

 flowers had excellent results. Mr. Hatch, on whose fruit farm the experiments were 

 conducted, states that " there would have been no harm to the foliage if used several 

 times as strong, nor indeed is it likely to prove injurious in any degree." 



Mr. B. T. Galloway, chief of the Division of Vegetable Pathology, United States 

 Department of Agriculture, in a recently-issued bulletin, gives the following formulas 

 for the preparation of fungicides : " Ammoniacal solution of carbonate of copper (a). 

 In an ordinary water-pail dissolve 5 ounces of carbonate of copper in 3 pints of aqua 

 ammonia, having a strength of 26. If 3 pints of ammonia are not sufficient to com- 

 pletely dissolve the copper, add enough to bring about this result. When completely 

 dissolved pour the solution into a barrel and fill the latter with [50 gallons of] 

 water, 



"Ammoniacal solution of carbonate of copper (b). Mix thoroughly 6 ounces of 

 pulverised carbonate of ammonia and 1 ounce of carbonate of copper. Keep in an air- 

 tight vessel, and when ready for use dissolve in 10 gallons of water. This preparation 

 is not so expensive as the preceding, and its ease of compounding and portability 

 commend it to amateurs and small growers." 



Mr. Galloway states in "The Canadian Horticulturist," Vol. XIV., p. 144 : " We 

 first successfully treated this disease three years ago [1887]. Briefly, the treatment we 

 would now recommend is as follows : When the fruit is about the size of a pea, spray 

 the trees with the solution (a) or (b). A barrel of the solution will cost about thirty- 

 five cents (17^d.), and it will be sufficient to treat fifteen [thirty] large trees once. 

 Make a second spraying 12 or 15 days after the first, and the third two weeks 

 later. If an ordinary season, three sprayings will be sufficient, but if rainy it will be 

 necessary to make one or two moro. In applying the solution it is of the highest 

 importance that the leaves and fruit be thoroughly covered, and this is only made 

 possible by using a strong force-pump, provided with a suitable spraying nozzle. 



" Eau Celeste, modified formula. Dissolve 4 pounds of sulphate of copper in 10 to 

 12 gallons of water. Add three pints of strong ammonia, dilute to 50 gallons, and add 

 5 pounds of common washing soda." This solution is for spraying before the leaves 

 appear, though it rarely injures the foliage, and is largely used in northern Ohio as a 

 specific for mildew. 



The treatment advised for apple scab may be summarised: 1. In the early spring, 

 before the leaves appear, spray with a simple solution of sulphate of copper, made by 



