GENERA L PR A C TICE. ENEMIES. 2 67 



middle of the baud, so that grubs climbing up or down may run under. Kemove the 

 bands regularly once a week, crush all the larvee and replace the bands. Or twist a 

 rather stout hay band around the stem of each tree about a foot from the ground. In 

 seeking a suitable place in which to make a cocoon the grubs generally seem to prefer 

 the sacking. Haybands, when used, must also be examined periodically. Banding 

 should be done as soon as the worm-eaten fruits begin falling, the bands to remain until 

 November, then collected and burned. At the same time examine the stems of the trees 

 and clear them of cocoons ; also wash the bark with an alkali solution, forcing it in the 

 cracks and crevices. 



American cultivators regard Paris green as a chief agent in destroying the larvse of 

 the codlin moth. Mr. Leonard Coates writes from California : " For the apple worm 

 or codlin moth, we spray the apple and pear trees, as soon as the fruit has set, with 

 Paris green (arsenic), 1 pound to 200 gallons of water, the solution to be kept well 

 stirred while using. The worm as it hatches out will die at once after its first meal at 

 the poisoned end of the young fruit." 



The spraying must be effected directly the petals have fallen, always before the eye 

 end of the fruit has turned downwards, for when the stem end of the apple is upwards, 

 the poison settles in the cavity about the stalk, and has no effect on the grub, which 

 invariably enters the apple and pear at or near the eye. The Paris green should lodge 

 in the calyx of the fruit to destroy the grub. One spraying seems to be effective for 

 early varieties ; late apples should be sprayed two or three times, the last time in July. 

 If the weather be showery, the second spraying may follow in eight or ten days, and 

 the third at a similar interval, but should the weather prove fine, make the second 

 spraying twelve to fifteen days after the first, and the third, for late varieties of apples 

 or pears, about two weeks after the second. For mid-season varieties two sprayings are 

 usually sufficient, but if wet weather prevail a third may be necessary, so as to keep the 

 eye end of the fruit coated with the poison. Some pears always hang down, -and these 

 must be sprayed from beneath, though the grub enters some fruits near the stalk. Paris 

 green must not be employed for apples and pears at greater strength than 1 ounce to 

 20 gallons of water whilst the foliage is tender. 



Earwigs (Forficula auricularia). Much damage is sustained by fruit growers from 

 the depredations of earwigs among fruit. They also devour flowers and foliage. Their 

 attacks are most virulent on ripening apricots, nectarines, and peaches, but they assail 

 other fruits. The female, after laying her eggs, broods over them, also the young after 



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