338 THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



APPLES FOR WALLS. 



All the varieties named for cordons are suitable for growing in that method against walls and wood fences. [M 

 the North of England, Scotland, and all elevated or cold situations, apples attain larger size, higher colour, and better 

 quality than grown in the open. The varieties named for espaliers are eligible for walls on the horizontal, fan, and 

 upright systems of training. For growing choice fruit, walls with east or west aspects answer in the South, but ia. 

 the North of England and in Scotland south aspects are not too hot. 



The following varieties are deserving of a wall in the most favoured localities. In cold and exposed situations 

 that aid is absolutely essential to have fine examples. 



American Mother. 



Washington. 



Wealthy. 



Melon Apple. 

 Northern Spy. 

 Keinette de Canada. 



Peck's Pleasant. 



King of Tomkin's County. 



Calville Malingre. 



PROPAGATION. 



The apple may be perpetuated and increased on its own roots by seeds, cuttings, 

 layering, and suckers ; also by budding, grafting, and inarching on stocks of certain 

 species of Pyrus and varieties of apple. 



Seeds. Pips taken from the cores of high-class dessert or esteemed culinary fruit, 

 as well as seeds resulting from crossing the flowers, are often sown with a view of 

 continuing the variety, or raising new sorts, and has been fully treated at page 96. 

 Seeds of crab and cider apples produce strong plants, and are employed as stocks, 

 for raising which instructions are given on page 114. 



Cuttings. All the varieties may be increased by this mode, but it is an uncertain 

 and undesirable process. Some varieties, such as the Burr-knot, Codlin, Juneating, 

 and Jenning's Seedling, are more readily rooted than others. Cuttings should be 

 taken of last year's wood not less than 8 inches in length, with an inch or two of 

 two-year-old wood attached. Pare smoothly the ends, removing all the buds except 

 the three uppermost, and insert firmly up to the lowest bud in sandy loam, in mild 

 weather, as soon after the fall of the leaf as possible. They will root more securely if 

 covered with a hand-glass, kept rather close, and shaded from bright sun until they push 

 growth freely ; then gradually inure them to sun and air, until they endure full exposure. 

 Transplant in November, 3 feet apart. Trees so raised are said not to be so liable to 

 canker as their parents, but it does not accord with our experience, and, except for 

 growing under glass, and as a novelty, we do not advise the plan. For preparation 

 of cuttings see page 101, Fig. 16, g. 



Layering. This is a less uncertain, but an undesirable means of increase for 

 general purposes, yet useful for raising small trees to be grown in pots. It should be 



