4 THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



make sufficient growtli in the following season to preserve its symmetry, and instead 

 of being injured will be benefited by the removal. The great fault in some trees lies in 

 their not having been originally cut back low enough, and hence they are badly furnished 

 with shoots near the base. Some have no shoots on one side for a distance of 2 feet 

 from the ground, whilst there are plenty on the other side : this is owing to their stand- 

 ing too closely together. Those, therefore requiring symmetrical trees, which when in 

 full foliage jiud fruit are the admiration of all, must take care to secure them with the 

 requisite foundation, or rear them according to the instructions. 



r> 



v w a H 



Fig. 2. PYRAMID TRAINING GOOD AND BAD PRACTICE. (Scale : | inch = 1 foot.) 



References : Z>, grafted maiden tree : m, upright shoot ; n, side shoot ; o, point of inserting spade in lifting, or 

 shortening long roots ; p, place of digging around tree for lifting. E, tree properly planted, and cut hard back 

 through loss of roots : r, leader shortened to two buds ; 5, side shoot shortened to one bud. F, wrongly planted and 

 pruned tree : *, leader pruning t, u, and v, growths resulting ; w, side shoot pruning?/ and x, growths following ; 

 z, proper point to shorten leader ; a, right point to shorten side shoot. G, tree in first growth after pruning : 

 ft, upright shoot ; c, spur ; d, surface roots ; e, point of autumn pruning. H, tree in second year after close heading : 

 /, side shoots ; bars, points of cutting back in autumn ; g, spur with blossom bud ; dotted lines, extent of roots cut 

 off in lifting. 



Fig. 2. Pyramidal training from the grafted and planted maiden D. This has been 

 worked with a scion having two buds, and made two shoots, an upright (m), and a side 

 growth (n). It is lifted in two ways, first, by thrusting in the spade around the tree so 

 as to cut the straggling roots clean off, ox, second, by digging around at (p\ and in with- 

 drawing the soil, breaking the long roots somewhat after the manner represented. These 

 broken roots should be cut off as shown at the bars 0, and the ends must be pared smooth 

 with a sharp knife before planting. They must be spread out and have soil worked in 

 between them so that when completed they are as represented in E ; then in good soil 



