APPLES TRAINING. 



ii 



trees. It also destroys their symmetry. There are matters not always taken into account 

 at planting, namely, ultimate issues. Trees are planted in a border or borders, which 

 they ultimately outgrow and cannot be set back on account of other trees, nor brought 

 forward without encroaching on paths. Crop as such trees may, they are an eyesore, and 

 this is a primary point to avoid in fruit culture. First counting the cost before com- 

 mencing to build is worth many after-considerations. 



Where restricted culture is not intended bush trees may be planted 6 feet apart 

 with the view to early profit. Every alternate row can ultimately be removed, also 

 alternate trees in the rows remaining ; the permanent trees will then be 12 feet 





Fig. 5. FORMING ORDINARY BUSH APPLE TREKS. 



References : M, tree in first growth (t) from the bud : u, latent bud growths ; v, lateral ; w, pruning point. 

 N, tree in second year's growth : x, side shoots ; y, leader ; a, stakes. 0, tree in third year's growth : b, spurs ^ 

 P, cutting off roots ; d, root liable to be broken at fork e ; /, root subject to break at junction with stem g. 



asunder. They may be safely transplanted up to the sixth year, or longer, if they have 

 been root pruned. If they have not it is desirable to dig a trench round each, about the 

 same distance from the stem as the branches extend, and detach all the roots; this will cause 

 fresh fibres to form in the undisturbed part next the stem, and the trees may be removed 

 with a mass of soil the autumn following. If this is done early, or as soon as the leave* 

 can be shaken off, the trees will scarcely show any effects of the removal, as fresh rootlets 

 will be quickly produced for the support of the expanding blossom and fresh growths in 

 spring. 



Ordinary Bush- M (Fig. 5) is a tree with the first growth ()from the bud, which is 



c2 



