APPLES TRAINING. I 9 



well-situated shoot from the bend of a young tree which has been trained as shown for 

 forming horizontal cordons on page 22, E (but without heading), and now represented 

 as growing (F), training the new growth upward, as is indicated by the right-hand 

 dotted line, d, in Z. Continue the extension from the end of the right-hand branch, pinch 

 all side-shoots beyond three or four leaves, and suppress subsequent growths to one leaf 

 till September. The upright shoot will then make strong growth, and having extended 

 2 feet, depress it to the horizontal line 1 foot from the ground, as represented in Y. The 

 following spring take a shoot from the bend, and when it has grown 2 feet, depress it ; 

 then if this is done in June, or not later than early July, a shoot or shoots will push 

 from the buds at the bend, in the direction of the left-hand line, d. Select the best, 

 rubbing off any others, and the season being favourable, it will make a foot or more 

 of growth, and mature the wood and buds to the extremity, If the growth is 

 brought to the horizontal line in September, the tree will have two pairs of branches. If 

 the upright has not grown sufficiently long to depress by midsummer, allow it grow 

 upright until the autumn ; then bring it down to form the second right-hand branch, 

 originating that to the left the following spring, similar to that of the preceding year. 



Assuming, however, that the upright shoot has sufficient vigour, another pair of 

 lateral shoots may be originated. With proper attention to summer pruning, preceded 

 by disbudding, the rubbing off of probable gross shoots and those unwise to retain, the 

 tree will have the promising appearance represented in Z Z in the autumn of the third 

 season after planting. The object of training in this form is to dispense with the 

 knife as much as possible, not allowing parts to be formed that must afterwards be 

 removed as unnecessary, and even useless for the production of fruit. Espalier trees, 

 formed in either of the two methods described and eventually trained to wires as shown, 

 are easy to manage, fruitful, ornamental and suitable in divisional lines in gardens. 



Upright Six-branched Training (Fig. 11, next page). .4 represents a maiden tree, with 

 the first growth secured to part of the stock left above the junction of the stock and scion, 

 which part is to be cut away to the dotted line in the autumn, and the tree shortened 

 to 1 foot from the ground at the bar. In spring the shoots from the uppermost 

 buds should be examined, and the two most promising and situated nearest to each 

 other selected for training, all others being rubbed off. Train the pair upright, with a 

 curve at the base, leaving about 18 inches between them. If one grow stronger than 

 the other depress it, whereby the weaker one will gain strength. They should, as far as 

 possible, have an equality of vigour as shown in B. 



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