3 g THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



into the fruit room, often on fallen fruit, in a more or less developed stage, and finding 

 the essential moisture in the air of the room, the patches become abundant and con- 

 spicuous. All affected apples should be rigorously excluded from the store, and those 

 in it attacked by the disease promptly removed and destroyed. The best means of 

 eradicating fungi is to prevent the spread and germination of their spores. 



Lichens and Mosses. These enfeeble the trees, cause ill-health, unfruitfulness, and 

 death of the branches. Their treatment will be found in Vol. I., page 250. 



Mistletoe (Viscum album). This plant is a true parasite, appropriating the sap of 

 infested trees to its own use. Though prized for Christmas festivities, its growth inju- 

 riously affects the branches infested, preventing their thickening and impairing the 

 value of crops of fruit. Where apples are the primary consideration, mistletoe should 

 be cut off close to the stem or branch. 



Insects. The apple tree supplies food to numerous insects. Some have already been 

 treated in Vol. I., therefore only need enumeration and reference. American Blight 

 (Schizoneura lanigera), page 253, attacks the roots, stems, branches, and growths. Apple- 

 bark Beetle (Xyleborus dispar), page 263, bores holes through the bark, forming tunnels 

 in the stem, injuring and destroying the trees. Apple-blossom Weevil (Anthonomus 

 pomorum), page 282, destroys the fructifying organs of the blossoms by its larvae. Codlin 

 Moth (Carpocapsa pomonella), page 266, greatly injures the fruit, its larva? burrowing 

 in the flesh of the apple, destroying its pips. Green Fly (Aphis mali), page 257, 

 infests the unfolding buds, tender leaves and blossoms, subsisting on the juices of the 

 young wood and foliage. Mussel Scale (Mytilapsis pomorum), page 272, fixes on the- 

 bark and extracts the juices of the tree, greatly to the prejudice of the crops. Red 

 Spider (Tetranychus telarius), page 269, attacks the leaves and tender shoots, abstract- 

 ing their sap, and injuring the current as well as prejudicing future crops. 



Orchard pests, including Figure-of-Eight Moth(Diloba coeruleocephala ), page 284 

 Lackey Moth (Bombyx neustria), page 285 ; Small Ermine Moth (Hyponomeutapadella), 

 page 286 ; Vapourer Moth (Orgyia antiqua), page 286 ; Mottled Umber Moth (Hybernia 

 defoliaria), page 287 ; Pale Brindled Beauty Moth (Hybernia polosaria) syn. : March 

 Moth (Anisopteryx ascularia), page 288 ; and Winter Moth (Cheimatobia brumata), 

 page 289 all by their caterpillars feed on the foliage of the apple, doing immense 

 mischief. 



Ants, page 255 ; Earwigs, page 267 ; and Wasps, page 279, prey on the fruit. 



Apple Chermes (Psylla mali). Though a small and beautiful creature, the apple- 



