266 THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



inches apart, pinch them one joint beyond the fruit, or at the sixth joint if there is no 

 fruit; pinch laterals and sub-laterals to one joint as made (Q, q). Continue the stem by 

 taking a cane from the extremity, and shorten it when the leaves fall in the autumn 

 to about 4 feet (r), and spur the side-shoots (s) to two buds at the same time, as is 

 indicated by the bars and the pruned shoots (t). The third season's training corre- 

 sponds to the second, and so on. One shoot is left on each spur to produce fruit and 

 the other rubbed off, or two may be retained as in the "Thomery " system. 



2. Modified Thomery Training. This admirable French system is shown in S and T. 

 The vines are planted 3 feet apart, each vine has two horizontal rods on the same level, 

 and the courses of horizontals are 18 inches apart. The bearing shoots proceed from 

 the upper side of the rods, about 12 inches apart, and are trained upright and stopped 

 when they reach the next horizontal. These upright shoots are cut back to two buds 

 at the winter pruning. A bearing shoot is allowed to spring from each bud, but the 

 upper one only is allowed to carry fruit, as shown in $, d ; the lower one forms buds 

 for next year's bearing, all other shoots (if any) being rubbed off. The shoot that has 

 borne fruit is cut completely away (e) at the winter pruning, but the other, which 

 has not borne fruit (/), is cut back to two buds, as shown in g. The horizontals 

 extend equally, except the end vines, on both sides of the stem, as in T } h. By this 

 method the shoots have equal advantages of position. The laterals are closely pinched 

 in summer as shown in d and /, the wood matures well, and the fruit is borne on 

 parts specially provided. 



3. Upright Training ivith Several Rods. This is practised where a large space has to 

 be covered. The vine in that case is shortened to promising buds at 12 inches from the 

 ground, and from those two shoots are trained upright at 2 feet apart, allowing them 

 to make all the growth possible, with the laterals and sub-laterals closely pinched. In 

 autumn the canes are brought down and trained horizontally to the right and left 

 of the stem on the same level, at 12 to 18 inches from the ground. All the buds are 

 removed excepting those situated on the upper side at 1 foot on each side of the stem, 

 and at 2-feet intervals along the canes, each cane being left as long as the wood is well 

 matured. Let the shoots from the buds left be trained perpendicularly, and in autumn 

 cut each upright back to 3 or 4 feet according to the strength, bringing the 

 extremity shoots down to the horizontal line, removing the buds as already explained. 

 From each upright rod reserve shoots at 18 inches apart on both sides, having them 

 alternate, rubbing off the rest, and continue the upright by taking a shoot from its 



