NUTS WALNUTS. 41 



leaving the nut it buries itself in the ground, changes to a whitish pupa, from which the 

 weevil emerges in summer, and deposits its eggs. 



Clean culture in summer and winter are the best means of prevention, as the imma- 

 ture weevils are then found by birds. Dressing the ground in May with 40 bushels 

 of soot per acre has been found useful. The trees may be sharply shaken in August, 

 when the affected nuts will fall, and they should be collected and burned. This 

 repeated a few times gets rid of the affected nuts, and prevents a recurrence of the plague. 



Nut-louse (Aphis coryli). This is not very troublesome, but it may be destroyed by 

 the means advised under " Aphides," Vol. I., page 258. A number of small caterpillars 

 prey on the leaves, and, beyond disfiguring the trees, are not of consequence. Winter 



H 



Fig. 11. NUT WEEVIL, PUPA, AND LAEVA ; INFESTED COSFORD AND RED FILBERT NUTS. 



References : D, weevil, natural size. E, pupa ; line below, natural length. F, larvae ; line below, natural 

 length. 0, Cosford nuts : r, hole made by grub to let itself out. H, Eed Filberts : s, holes made by grubs. 



Moth, Mottled Umber, and Hop-dog (Orgyia pubibunda) caterpillars sometimes infest 

 nut-tree plantations ; for remedies see Yol. I., page 293. 



WALNUTS. 



THE Walnut (Juglans regia) is a native of Persia and Asia Minor, whence it was 

 introduced to Greece 300 B.C., and was largely cultivated by the Greeks, who called it, 

 as its specific name means, the royal nut. It was introduced into Italy by the Komans 

 A.D. 65, whence it was carried into Spain, France, and other parts of Europe, including 

 Britain. Turner, who wrote in 1551, says : " It is so well knowen in all countries that 

 I nede not to describe " ; but the walnut is not recorded to have been cultivated in this 

 country before 1562. 



VOL. III. G 



