PEARS DISTANCES FOR PLANTING. 131 



If several rows aro arranged on an open space of ground, it is usual to have them 

 12 to 15 feet apart, with a view of cropping the ground between. The rows should 

 extend from north to south. When a line of espalier is formed along the sides of 

 a walk it ought to be 3 feet from the edge, planting the trees on the side next the 

 walk. Small-growing varieties may be planted 15, medium 18, and strong 24 feet 

 apart. 



Wall trees on pear stocks, horizontal or fan- trained, should be placed 24 feet apart 

 when the wall is not more than 10 feet high, 21 feet when the height is 12 to 15 feet, 

 and 18 feet for walls exceeding the last-named height. Upright-trained trees are excel- 

 lent for covering high walls and house-ends. Between the dwarf trees planted against 

 long walls over 10 feet in height " riders " should be provided to cover the upper 

 part of the wall, and cordons may be employed to utilise the lower part until the 

 permanent trees require the space, and there should be no obstacles to their free 

 extension. 



On quince stocks or double-grafted, dwarf standards may be planted 12 feet apart; 

 pyramids and bushes 6 feet apart for the small, 9 feet for the medium, and 12 feet for 

 the large growers ; and lifting, if necessary, must be periodically resorted to for keeping 

 them within those limits. Suitable distances for horizontal espalier trees are 15 feet for 

 large -growing, 12 feet for medium, and 9 feet for small-growing varieties. Upright- 

 trained trees with three branches (toasting fork) plant 3 feet ; five-branched, 5 feet ; six- 

 branched, 6 feet asunder. 



Cordons for espaliers or walls : vertical single plant, 15 inches ; double, 2 \ feet - 

 diagonal single, 18 inches ; double, 3 feet asunder. Cordon trees are sometimes 

 planted 2 to 3 feet apart, according to the vigour of the variety, along the sides 

 of paths. They have a charming effect when 6 to 9 feet high, and bear abundantly. 

 Each tree should be properly staked. Horizontal cordons for edgings to paths : single 

 plant at distances of 6 feet; double, 12 feet asunder. These should be trained to 

 a stout galvanised wire fixed 18 inches from the ground. Horizontal and fan-trained 

 trees for walls over 7| and not exceeding 10 feet in height: strong growers, 12 feet; 

 medium, 9 feet ; small, 6 feet ; for walls under 7 feet the distances given for 

 horizontal espalier trees. It is important that the trees be planted so that the branches 

 of each may extend sufficiently to cover the space. The planting distances named of 

 trees on the quince effect that in a reasonable time, and their after well-doing is assured 

 by judicious management. 



s 2 



