PEARS TRAINING FAN- SHAPED TREES. 133 



year being represented in Q, and the result in foundation is a tree resembling R all on 

 page 183, Vol. I. Subsequent training is restricted to shortening irregular and removing 

 superfluous growths during the summer, only allowing those to extend for forming 

 branches, regularly disposed at 12 to 18 inches asunder, keeping these free from useless 

 spray so that light can penetrate to their base. Blossom buds and fruiting spurs will 

 then be bound to follow all over the trees, but will not do so if the growths are crowded. 

 Fan-shaped Trees. This is the oldest and still one of the best modes of training 



Fig. 34. BUSH (N), PYRAMID (0), AND COLUMNAR (P) PEAR TREES. 



pears for espaliers and walls. The maiden tree intended to be trained in fan shape 

 should be cut down as advised for the horizontal tree, page 16, Vol. II., and treated in 

 the first year exactly as is there portrayed in Fig. 9, W. In the autumn the three shoots 

 should be cut back to 6 inches, and three growths secured on the upright stem, also two 

 each from the side branches the following summer, training the leader upright, and the 

 side growths at an angle of 45, all others to be stopped at the third leaf, and to one 

 afterwards throughout the season. The growths may be secured to an improvised stake 



