1 34 THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



trellis. The tree has now six young branches and a leader, and is termed a two-years- 

 trained fan as received from the nursery. Assuming that the tree is intended for an 

 espalier, say of five wires 1 foot apart, and is planted in the autumn when the leaves 

 have fallen ; the leader (a) (Fig. 35, Q) and the two upper side shoots (b) are cut back to 

 6 inches, as shown in their detachment, the two lowest (c) on each side of the stem being 

 trained as represented. Two growths (d) should be secured from the upright branch in 

 the following summer, and two (e) from each of the upper side branches, whilst a shoot 

 (/)'is taken forward from each of the four lowest side branches. Thus the ten branches 

 required are secured, and they should be trained to their respective wires as indicated by 

 the dotted lines. This insures the speedy covering of the space. The extremity growth 

 of each branch in subsequent years is- trained in its full length, and the horizontal 

 position of the branches causes them to form spurs freely. Such, part fan and part hori- 

 zontal, training is much superior to all fan for pear and apple trees. 



If the two-years-trained tree (Fig. 35, Q, a, b, c) is required for a higher espalier or 

 wall than 5 feet, the leader and side shoots are cut back to 6 inches, except the lowest on 

 each side as shown. The following summer three shoots must be secured from the 

 upright, namely, a leader (g] (Fig. 35, E), and two side shoots (h), two more (e)from the 

 next lower side branches, one (j) being taken from the other, as continuations respec- 

 tively of each. The tree has then branches from which any number of others may 

 be originated to cover the space. The leader and all the side growths are allowed to 

 extend, but as the extensions increase their distance apart, other shoots must be trained 

 in to furnish the space with bearing wood. For this purpose a semicircle should be 

 drawn 6 feet in diameter from a centre on a level with the lowest branches, the shoots, 

 if they extend farther, being cut back to the radius described (dotted inner semicircle 

 line), and two shoots (k) originated from each or as required. Three shoots (I) may be 

 taken from the leader, and where there is only room for a continuation (m) no forking 

 should be attempted. To insure the regular disposal of the branches, another semicircle 

 should be drawn 3 feet from the first, and the half-radius divided into feet, commencing 

 at the horizontal branches (m\ then proceeding upwards as indicated by the crosses, 

 where the branches can be doubled so as to give the requisite number. 



Fan training can be practised by the least initiated in gardening matters. Its prin- 

 ciple is training in a shoot so as to cover the trellis or wall space regularly in every part 

 with branches at a proper distance asunder, and so disposed as to admit light equally. 

 The great defect of fan training consists in the upper part of the branches growing more 



