136 



THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



push afterwards the uppermost should be trained upright, pinching others to one leaf. 

 This will cause the two main side shoots to become longer and stronger, which is very 

 desirable, so that when they are brought into a horizontal position to the extent of about 

 9 or 10 inches, and then trained upright about 1 foot on each side of the central shoot, 

 the ends of the three branches composing the "toasting-fork' ; tree will be as nearly as 

 possible on the same level. The chief thing to aim at in these trees is equality of 

 vigour, this being effected by stopping the strongest of the three leaders at about 12 

 inches of growth, training one of the shoots that push as an extension, suppressing all 

 side growths at the third leaf and to one afterwards. It is a useful form for piers or 



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Fig. 36. TOASTING FORK (T), CANDELABRA (V), AND PALMETTE VERRIER (T) TRAINED PEAR TREES. 



References : n, wall, 10 feet 6 inches high ; o, espalier, 6 feet in height. The numerals refer to the years 



of training. 



pillars, also for limited space, or where variety is required on low walls or espaliers, 

 and is shown in Fig. 36, T. 



Candelabra. This form represents the horizontal and upright modes of training 

 combined. The branches are originated and trained in the first instance on the prin- 

 ciples above described. When the first pair of horizontal branches have extended 2 

 feet from the stem they are trained upright, and the second tier of horizontal branches 

 are trained upright, 1 foot on each side of the stem or leader, as in the a toasting fork," 

 taking care to have all the extremities on a level. Such is the candelabra tree of five 

 branches, Fig. 36, U. 



Palmette Verrier. In this form of tree the branches are originated and trained similar 

 to the horizontal until sufficient tiers are obtained to ultimately cover the allotted 



