138 THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



trees, trained to an arched trellis, provides a shady promenade and utilises the space. 

 Galvanised-iron bars, 1| inch wide by fV inch thick, fixed 3 feet apart, span the path, 

 and horizontal bars, -/g- inch diameter, 1 foot apart, form the trellis. The sides should 

 be perpendicular, not less than 5 feet in height, and the rise of the archway be half the 

 width of the walk. Therefore an arch over a 4-feet path would have the span in the 

 centre 7 feet, and that of a 6-feet walk 8 feet above the pathway. The trees are planted 

 against the outside of the trellis, at the distances named for espaliers or walls, and may 

 be trained in any form. 



Pear Arbours. These consist of the arched portion of a pear walk, that part only being 

 provided with horizontal bars, and covered with the branches of the trees planted at 

 each side, training them with clean stems to the spring of the arch. Trees on the 

 quince or double -grafted answer admirably. When the roof is covered by the trees the 

 walk is charming when they are in blossom, the shade agreeable, and the depending 

 fruit attractive whilst it remains. If pyramid trees are planted about 4| feet from the 

 walk and midway of the openings, the effect is delightful, as there is the advantage 

 over a pear walk of a look-out, whilst the walk space is utilised. Both the pear walk 

 (Fig. 37) and the arbour walk are as appropriate for apple and other fruit trees as 

 for pears. 



PRUNING AND KOUTINE OPERATIONS. 



Pruning. This is in every essential particular identical with that of apple trees. 

 The habits of the trees must be studied, and the manipulations performed according to 

 their individual condition, having strict regard to the axioms set forth on page 29, 

 Vol. II. 



Trees trained in pyramid, bush, goblet, fan, horizontal, upright, or modifications of 

 the last three forms, namely, combined fan and horizontal (Fig. 35, $, page 135), 

 toasting-fork, candelabra, and palmette verrier (Fig. 36, T, U, V, page 136), and cordon 

 forms, are pruned on the restrictive system. " Summer Pruning " is given in Vol. I., 

 pages 163 165: illustrations, page 164; " Winter Pruning," pages 169 170; 

 " Pruning Spurs," pages 170 172 : illustration, page 171. " Lifting Fruit Trees," pages 

 172 173, has special application to trees on the quince and those limited to space. 

 Trees in the cup form, Vol. I., pages 179 180 ; forked, pages 180 183; open bush, 

 Vol. II., pages 14 15; low standard or standard, pages 26 28 ; also those in bush, 

 pyramid, and columnar forms (Fig. 34, N, 0, P), are pruned upon the principles given 



