i S 2 THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



trees are sprayed with the bisulphide (2 ounces of soft soap being added to each gallon 

 of the diluted bisulphide, and properly dissolved) when the fruit is set, and repeated 

 once or twice, the last time early in June, the mites will be destroyed. Trees sprayed 

 with Campbell's preparation (Vol. I., page 296), as advised for pear chermes, do not suffer 

 from gall mites even if they have been badly infested the previous year. 



Sawfly. The larvae of Selandra atra (Fig. 48, page 149, Vol. II.), called Slugworm, 

 is the most hurtful ; for an account of the injuries done by it, and remedies, see pages 

 148 150, Yol. II. The Apple Sawfly (Tenthredo testudinea) often attacks pears, 

 covering the fruit when about quarter grown (see page 41, Yol. II.). 



Scale. The Pear Oyster Scale (Diaspis (Aspidiotus) ostreseformis) has the appear- 

 ance of a minute oyster-shell, about T V inch across, convex, wrinkled, grey or reddish, 

 but that is only the shell or scale, beneath which the female lives, lays eggs, and dies. 

 The male only has legs and wings, and it is seldom seen. The younger branches of 

 the pear are chiefly infested. In bad cases the fruit suffers considerably, the effects of 

 an attack being similar to that shown in Fig. 81, page 273, Yol. I. Its history and 

 remedies are identical with those given on pages 272 274, Yol. I. 



Tortricina. A number of moths producing caterpillars called Leaf-rollers live on 

 pear trees, and do much mischief in some localities. The worst pest is the Apricot Moth 

 (Tortrix angustiorana), the caterpillar of which attacks the eye of the fruit and feeds on 

 the tender tissue, causing many fruits to drop. Its history and remedies are given on 

 pages 8890, with an illustration, Fig. 34, page 89, Yol. II. The Oak Leaf-roller Moth 

 (Tortrix quercana) caterpillars form a fine web on the under-side of the leaves, ultimately 

 rolling them up, impairing their functions, as well as living upon them. Birds devour 

 these pests, which let themselves down by a fine thread when disturbed, and are easily 

 captured. For remedies see "Apricot Moth," page 88, Yol. II. 



Caterpillars. The greater part of the Iarva3 that eat the leaves of pear trees belong 

 to the moths described and figured on pages 283 289, Figs. 86 91. Eemedies for 

 the several pests are given under each, with special measures for meeting invasions of 

 caterpillars on pages 293 296, Yol. I. The Eed-bud Caterpillar often does great injury 

 by feeding on the buds (see page 88, Yol. II.). 



Weevils. These insects prey on pear leaves while young, and their Iarva3 feed on 

 the fruit or young shoots. Apple weevil (Ehynchites bacchus) Iarva3 burrow in the 

 fruit of pears and cause them to fall prematurely ; E. alliarise larvaB live in the stalks 

 and midribs of the leaves; E. cupreus, after preying on the young shoots and buds, 



