PATHOGENIC BACTERIA. 127 



Bouillon. Adding glucose to the bouillon gives a medium in 

 which an abundant growth occurs. 



Staining. All the ordinary stains, Grain's method also ; the 

 spores being colored in the usual way. 



Pathogenesis. A small amount of the pure culture injected 

 under the skin of experiment animals will cause, in two to three 

 days, death from true tetanus, the tetanic condition starting 

 from the point of infection. At the autopsy nothing characteristic 

 or abnormal is found, and the bacilli have disappeared, except 

 near the point of entrance. This fact is explained as follows : 



Several toxic products have been obtained from the cultures, 

 and they are produced in the body, and give rise to the morbid 

 symptoms. These have been isolated, and when injected singly 

 cause some of the tetanic symptoms. 



Four ptomaines among them : tetanin, tetanotoxin, and spas- 

 motoxin ; also a toxalbumen. 



Immunity. Kitasato, by inoculation of sterilized cultures, 

 has been able to cause immunity from the effects of virulent 

 bacilli. 



Habitat. The bacillus is present in garden earth, in manure ; 

 and even from mortar it has been isolated. 



The earth of special districts seems to contain the bacilli in 

 greater quantities than in others. 



Bacillus (Edematis Maligni. (Koch.) 



Vibrion Septique. ( Pasteur. ) 



Origin. In garden earth, found lately also in man, in severe 

 wounds when gangrene with osdema had developed. Identical 

 with the bacillus found in Pasteur's septicaemia. 



Form. Bods somewhat smaller than the anthrax bacilli, the 

 ends rounded very sharply. Long threads are formed. Very 

 large spores which cause the rods. to become spindle- or drum- 

 stick-shaped. 



Properties. Very motile ; liquefy gelatine ; do not produce 

 any foul gaseous products in the body. 



Growth. Grows rapidly, but only when the air is excluded, 

 and best at brood or body heat. 



Roll Cultures. (After Esmarch's method.) Small, round 

 glancing colonies with fluid contents, under low power, a mass 



