536 TRICHOMYCETES, ACTINOMYCETES, HYPHOMYCETES 



infections. Controls (normal, uninfected individuals), do not react, 

 but a Nocardial mycosis and tuberculosis may exist simultaneously 

 in the same individual, as shown by the appearance of both organisms 

 in the sputum, and both the streptotrichin and tuberculin skin reac- 

 tions. Claypole also finds that glandular and bone infections with 

 Nocardia may be demonstrated as readily as the lung infections by 

 the skin reaction with streptotrichin. 



Actinomyces Bovis. Synonyms. Discomyces bovis; Nocardia acti- 

 nomyces; Streptothrix israeli. 



The causative organism of the disease of cattle known as "lumpy 

 jaw" or "big jaw," Actinomyces bovis, was first described by Bol- 

 linger, 1 although the granules or "drusen," consisting of colonies of 

 the organism, were described by von Langenbeck as early as 1845. 

 The first human cases were reported by Israel. 2 



FIG. 80. Actinomyces colony showing peripherally arranged clubs. 



Considerable confusion has arisen concerning the identity of the 

 organisms found in suppurative lesions which superficially closely 

 resemble those of Actinomycosis. 3 Wright 4 has clearly shown that 

 true actinomycotic infections are characterized not only by suppura- 

 tive processes and granulation tissue formation, but that the pus 

 from these lesions contains the characteristic granules or "drusen," 

 which are composed of branched filamentous organisms densely packed 

 together, with characteristic club-shaped bodies radially arranged 



1 Centralbl. f. klin. Med. Wissensch., 1877, xv, 481. 



2 Virchows Arch., 1878, Ixxiv, 15; 1879, Ixxviii, 421. 



3 See Foulerton (Trans. Path. Soc., London, 1902, liii, Part 1, 56), and Neukirch 

 (Ueber Strahlenpilze, Strassburg, 1902), for literature. 



4 Jour. Med. Res., 1905, xiii, 349. 



