176 BACTERIOLOGY. 



the recovery of the sick, but directly destroys the bac- 

 teria which cause disease. 



Methods of Cleanliness and Disinfection to Prevent the 

 Occurrence of Illness. 



1. Water-closet Bowls and all Receptacles for Human 

 Excrement should be kept perfectly clean by frequent 

 flushing with a large quantity of water, and as often as 

 necessary disinfected with the carbolic or bichloride solu- 

 tions. The woodwork around and beneath them should 

 be frequently scrubbed with the hot soapsuds solution. 



2. Sinks and the Woodwork Around and the Floor 

 Beneath them should be frequently and thoroughly 

 scrubbed with the hot soapsuds solution. 



3. School Sinks. School sinks should be thoroughly 

 flushed with a large quantity of water at least twice 

 daily, and should be carefully cleaned twice a week or 

 oftener by scrubbing. Several quarts of the carbolic 

 solution should be frequently thrown in the sink after 

 it has been flushed. 



4. Cesspools and Privy Vaults. An abundance of 

 milk of lime or chloride of lime should be thrown into 

 these daily, and their contents should be frequently 

 removed. 



5. Cellars and Rooms in Cellars are to be frequently 

 whitewashed, and, if necessary, the floors sprinkled 

 with dry chloride of lime. Areas and paved yards 

 should be cleaned, scrubbed, and, if necessary, washed 

 with the bichloride solution. Street gutters and drains 

 should be cleaned, and, when necessary, sprinkled with 

 chloride of lime or washed with milk of lime. 



6. Air-shafts. Air-shafts should be first cleaned 

 thoroughly and then whitewashed. To prevent ten- 



