INDEX OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 677 



tion viz., the streptococcus, 352, staphylococcus, 353, and pneumo- 

 coccus, 353, mainly. Rather atypical pseudomembranous exudates 

 are also produced occasionally by the pyogenic cocci, and fairly 

 characteristic ones by the fusiform bacillus of Vincent, 354, and 

 probably by other varieties. 



Distemper in Dogs. According to Schantyr (1893) the so- 

 called distemper in dogs includes three different infectious diseases : 



1, abdominal typhoid, in which bacilli closely resembling those of 

 typhoid fever in man are found in the blood and various organs ; 



2, dog-typhoid, in which bacilli are present which are readily cul- 

 tivated and stain by Gram's method ; and 3, genuine distemper, 

 containing bacilli which stain by Gram's method, but which do not 

 grow, or are difficult to grow, in culture media. 



Dysentery. Trophic or amoebic dysentery is probably due, in 

 the majority of cases, to the presence of the amreba coli found in 

 the discharges. But this parasite has not been found in all forms 

 of dysentery and in healthy stools. Among other bacteria found 

 in the alvine discharges which may be concerned in the etiology of 

 certain cases of dysentery are : the colon bacillus, the proteus bacil- 

 lus, 542 ; the staphylococcus, the bacillus pyocyaneus, 539 ; the 

 bacillus dysenterica liquefaciens, etc. 



Eczema. Various species of bacteria, micrococci and bacilli 

 have been obtained from cases of eczema seborrhoaicum by different 

 investigators, but none of these have been shown to be specific for 

 the affection. 



Empyenia. The streptococcus pyogenes, 483, is the usual cause 

 of purulent inflammation of the pleura, in which it is found in 60 

 per cent, of cases. Empyema complicating pneumonia is generally 

 caused by the pneumococcus of Fraenkel, 511 ; and tubercular empy- 

 ema is due, of course, to infection by the tubercle bacillus The 

 various micro-organisms are often found together in the same case, 

 with one or the other predominating. In exceptional cases still 

 other varieties of bacteria, as the typhoid bacillus, may be met with. 



Endocarditis. Numerous varieties of bacteria have been found 

 in pure culture or mixed in cases of ulcerative endocarditis, the 

 most common being pneumococci, 509, 511, streptococci, 483, and 

 staphylococci, 469 ; more rarely gonococci, 529, and other micro- 

 cocci, and occasionally bacilli of several varieties, are found. Most 

 probably the action of bacteria upon the endocardium is similar to 

 that upon the bladder, and endocarditis, like cystitis, is not usually 

 produced by them, unless some previous injury has been caused to 



